BIOL 300, OUTLINE #5

ANGIOSPERM CELLS, TISSUES, ORGANS AND GROWTH

1. Cell Types

1. parenchyma
2. collenchyma
3. sclerenchyma
4. xylem elements

1) tracheids

2) vessel elements

5. phloem elements

1) sieve cells

2) albuminous cells

3) angiosperm sieve tube elements

4) companion cells

2. Tissue Types

1. ground tissue
2. epidermis

1) cuticle

2) stomata

3) bulliform cells

4) trichomes

3. vascular tissue
4. secretory structures

3. Growth, Organization and Function in Vegetative Plant Organs

1. growth

1) meristems

2) primary vs. secondary growth

3) apical initials

4) apical meristems

5) transitional meristems

6) division, morphogenesis, differentiation

2. roots

1) function and distribution

2) tip region

3) sub-apical region

4) mature region

a) epidermis

b) cortex (incl. Casparian strip)

c) stele (incl. pericycle)

5) modified roots

6) root / soil interface

3. stems

1) function

2) morphology

3) tissue arrangement

a) epidermis

b) primary vascular tissues

c) ground tissues

4) growth

a) shoot apical meristems (tunica and corpus)

5) transition from roots to shoots

6) transition from stem to leaves

7) modified stems

4. leaves

1) morphology

2) tissue arrangement

a. epidermis

b. ground tissues

c. vascular tissues

3) leaf growth

4) branch and flower development

5) leaf modifications

6) leaf defenses

7) economic uses

4. Secondary Growth

1. primary vs. secondary growth
2. root secondary growth
3. development of vascular cambium in stems

1) ray initials

2) fusiform initials

4. bark in stems

1) inner bark

2) outer bark (periderm)

a) phellogen

b) phellem

c) phelloderm

5. bark in roots

a) phellogen forms from pericycle (not outer layers of cortex as in stems)

6. gymnosperm wood

a) resin canals

b) thin rays

c) torus in bordered pits

7. angiosperm wood

a) more complex tissues

b) multiseriate rays

8. growth rings

a) early wood vs. late wood

b) dendrochronology

9. sapwood vs. heartwood
10. reaction wood
11. diameter growth in monocots