HISTORY OF AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE (ARTH-335)

Spring Semester 2002

Instructor: Gene Waddell

Class meeting time: Tuesdays and Thursdays, 12:15-1:40

Place: Education Center, Room 118

Office Hours: After class or by appointment (953-8016; waddelle@cofc.edu).

Course call number: 10066

Course description (from the Undergraduate Catalog): A history of the architecture of North America. Though beginning with a brief examination of Precolumbian building and including Canadian examples where useful, the course will focus primarily on American architecture from the period of European settlement to the present.

Prerequsite: ARTH 101 or 102 or 245 or permission of the instructor.

Course objectives: This course is divided roughly into thirds to accomplish three principal objectives: (1) to show the principal European sources on American architecture; (2) to provide an overview of the careers of the most influential architects; and (3) to indicate what is most distinctive about the principal American cities. While approaching the subject from three points of view, the design and construction of representative buildings will be discussed.

Required books:

(1) Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and of the Early Republic

by Fiske Kimball (the principal text for the first half of the course)

(2) The Architecture of McKim, Mead & White in Photographs, Plans, and

Elevations

(3) The Early Work of Frank Lloyd Wright (Ausgeführte Bauten; 1911)

Required reading: The total amount of required reading is equivalent to about two books. Fiske Kimball’s Domestic Architecture needs to be read carefully before the mid-term on February 14th. You will be tested then on how well you have read this book. Readings for later will be placed on electronic reserve by February 14th, and you will be tested on these readings on the final exam.

Grades:

(1) Final exam—25 percent (including 5 points for required reading)

(2) Mid-term exam—25 percent (including 5 points for required reading)

(3) Paper—25 percent

(4) Attendance: 25 percent

The exams will consist of multiple choice questions. There will be no intentionally misleading questions, but students will need to be able to identify buildings by architect, style, etc., and in some cases the buildings shown will not have been presented in lectures or readings. Students will also be expected to know approximately when 100 key building were constructed, where these buildings are located, and the main materials and types of construction. Little or no memorization should be necessary for students who attend all classes and read all required readings. The final exam will consist of material covered since the mid-term (from 1820 to the present).

Paper: Your paper should be primarily about the design and construction of a building you admire. The choice of the building is up to you, but please let me know by email (waddelle@cofc.edu) no later than Thursday, February 28. Please be sure to turn in your paper by Thursday, April 4.

At least some aspects of both the design and construction should be discussed. I urge you to try to determine why buildings were designed and constructed as they were. Please look particularly for specific problems and for how they were solved. If some problems were not solved as well as they might have been, please suggest ways in which the building could have been improved without greatly increasing its cost. Sound constructive criticism would provide a good indication of how carefully you have considered all aspects of a building and how well you can apply what you have learned in this course. Also, please do not hesitate to say what you like best about a building so long as you indicate why you like it.

The paper needs to be approximately 10 pages long (double-spaced typing). Illustrations are not required, but if they are needed to make your points clearly, please included one or more.

Attendance policy: Each class you attend will count one point towards your final grade up to a maximum of 25 points. Since there are 28 classes, up to 3 unexcused absences will not count against your grade.

Calendar:

PART I: STYLES OF AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE

(1) Thurs., Jan.10: American Indian architecture

(2) Tues., Jan. 15: Spanish influence. Late Medieval vernacular.

(3) Thurs., Jan. 17: Early Neoclassical influence

(4) Tues., Jan. 22: English Palladianism

(5) Thurs., Jan. 24: Adameque

(6) Tues., Jan. 29: Greek Revival

(7) Thurs., Jan. 31: Gothic Revival

(8) Tues., Feb. 5: Roman Revival and Italinate

(9) Thurs., Feb. 7: Beaux Arts Training

(10) Tues., Feb. 12: Modern and Post-Modern

PART II: MOST INFLUENTIAL ARCHITECTS

(11) Thurs., Feb. 14: Thomas Jefferson

(12) Tues., Feb. 19: Benjamin Henry Latrobe

(13) Thurs., Feb. 21: MID-TERM EXAM (covering buildings constructed before1820).

(14) Tues., Feb. 26: Robert Mills

(15) Thurs., Feb. 28: Jones & Lee (Reminder: Paper topics due by email not later than Feb. 28 [waddelle@cofc.edu])

March 3-9: Spring Break

(16) Tues., Mar. 12: Henry Hobson Richardson

(17) Thurs., Mar. 14: Louis H. Sullivan

(18) Tues., Mar. 19: McKim, Mead, and White

(19) Thurs., Mar. 21: Frank Lloyd Wright to 1910

(20) Tues., Mar. 26: Frank Lloyd Wright from 1911-1959

(21) Thurs., Mar. 28: Gropius, Mies, and the impact of the Bauhaus

PART III: ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER OF MAJOR CITIES

(22) Tues., Apr. 2: Boston.

(23) Thurs., Apr. 4: New Orleans (Reminder: PAPERS DUE)

(24) Tues., Apr. 9: Washington in 1800 and 1900.

(25) Thurs., Apr. 11: Chicago and the rise of the skyscraper.

(26) Tues., Apr. 16: New York

(27) Thurs., Apr. 18: Los Angeles

(28) Tues., Apr. 23: Charleston

FINAL EXAM: Tuesday, April 30, 12:00-3:00

Most Influential architects, firms, and buildings to be discussed:

Adler and Sullivan (partnership, 1883-1895; Dankmar Adler and Louis H. Sullivan)

1886-1890—Auditorium Building, Chicago

1890-1891—Wainwright Building, St. Louis

1894-1896—Guaranty Building, Buffalo

(See also, Sullivan, Louis H.)

Bulfinch, Charles

1793-1794—Tontine Crescent, Boston

1795-1797—Massachusetts State House, Boston

1805-1808—third Harrison Gray Otis House, Boston

Burnham and Root (partnership, 1873-1891; Daniel H. Burnham and JohnWellborn

Root); D. H. Burnham and Company (1891-1912)

1885-1887—The Rookery Building, Chicago

1889-1890—Monadnock Building, Chicago (Root)

1891-1894—Reliance Building, Chicago (begun by Root and redesigned by

Charles B. Atwood, 1894-1895)

1893—World’s Columbian Exposition, Chicago; Burnham and Root et al. (with

Burnham in charge of planning; the firm’s Fine Arts Building was designed principally by Charles B. Atwood and was rebuilt in 1929-1940)

Cram, Ralph Adams (1863-1942)

1906-1914—St. Thomas Church, New York (Cram, Goodhue, and Ferguson)

Furness, Frank (1839-1912)

1871-1876--Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia

1876-1879—Provident Life and Trust Co., Philadelphia

Gropius, Walter (1883-1969)

1949-1950—Harvard University Graduate Center, Cambridge (with TAC)

1957—Pan American Building, New York (with Pietro Belluchi)

Harrison, Peter (1716-1775)

1748-1750—Redwood Library, Newport

1749-1758—King’s Chapel, Boston

1759-1763—Touro Synagogue, Newport

1761-1773—Brick Market, Newport

Howells and Hood (John Mead Howells [1868-1959] and Raymond M. Hood [1881-

1934]

1922-1925—Chicago Tribune Building

1928-1930—Daily News Building, New York

Hunt, Richard Morris (1827-1895)

1878-1882—William Kissam Vanderbilt House, New York

1888-1892—William K. and Alva Vanderbilt Mansion (Marble House), Newport

1888-1895—George W. Vanderbilt Mansion (Biltmore House), Ashville (with

grounds by Frederick Law Olmsted)

1892-1895—The Breakers, Newport (for Cornelius Vanderbilt II)

1894-1895—Metropolitan Museum of Art entrance hall, New York (Wing D;

completed 1902 by Richard Howland Hunt)

Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826)

1768-1782—first Monticello, Charlottesville

1785-1799—Virginia Capitol, Richmond

1796-1809—second Monticello, Charlottesville

1817-1826—University of Virginia, Charlottesville

Jenney, William Le Baron (1832-1907)

1884-1885—Home Insurance Building, Chicago

1889-1891—Second Leiter Building, Chicago

Jones & Lee (Edward C. Jones and Francis D. Lee)

1848-1850—Westminster Presbyterian Church (Trinity Methodist), Charleston

(Jones alone)

1852-1854—Unitarian Church, Charleston (Lee alone)

1853—State Bank of South Carolina, Charleston (Jones alone)

1853—Jenkins Mikell House, Charleston; attributed to Jones

1853-1855—Orphan House, Charleston

1855-1856—Director’s Room, Bank of Charleston

1857-1862—St. Luke’s Episcopal Church, Charleston (Lee alone)

McKim, Mead, and White (partnership: Charles Follen McKim [1847-1909]; William

Rutherford Mead [1846-1928] and Stanford White [1853-1906])

1882-1885—Henry Villard Houses, New York (White)

1887-1898—Boston Public Library (McKim)

1887-1891—Madison Square Garden, New York (White)

1892-1901—New York University, University Heights Campus, Bronx (White)

1893-1902—Columbia University, New York (McKim)

1893-1915—Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences (Brooklyn Museum;

McKim)

1896-1900—University Club, New York (McKim)

1899-1901—Boston Symphony Hall (McKim: Wallace C. Sabine, consultant on

acoustics)

1900-1905—Bank of Montreal (McKim); new building on Craig Street; also

renovated existing building by John Wells, 1845-1847 (front retained)

1902-1911—Pennsylvania Station, New York (McKim)

Latrobe, Benjamin Henry (1764-1820)

1798—Bank of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

1803-1817—main interiors of the United States Capitol, Washington (with others)

1804-1818—Baltimore Cathedral

1814—Commandant’s House, United States Arsenal, Pittsburgh

Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig (1886-1969)

1948-1951—Lake Shore Drive Apartments, Chicago (associated)

1950-1956—Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago

(associated)

1954-1958—Seagram Building (associated)

Mills, Robert (1781-1855)

1812-1817—Monumental Church, Richmond

1821-1826—Fireproof Building, Charleston

c. 1825—Lockkeeper’s House, Landsford Canal, South Carolina

1833-1855—Washington Monument, Washington (completed 1884)

1836-1840—Patent Office, Washington

1836-1842—Treasury Building, Washington

1839-1842—Post Office, Washington

Neutra, Richard (1892-1970)

1927-1929—Lovell House, Los Angeles

1937—Strathmore Apartments, Los Angeles

Pei, I. M. (1917- )

1964—Green Center for the Earth Sciences, MIT, Cambridge

1967—University Plaza, New York University

1968—Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, NY

Pope, John Russell (1874-1937)

1933-1935—National Archives Building, Washington

1937—National Gallery of Art (completed by Eggers and Higgins, 1941)

Renwick, James, Jr. (1818-1895)

1846—Grace Church, New York

1847-1855—Smithsonian Institution, Washington

1858-1879—Saint Patrick’s Cathedral, New York

1859-1871—Corcoran Gallery, Washington

Richardson, Henry Hobson (1838-1886)

1872-1877—Trinity Church, Boston

1878-1881—Senate Chamber, Capitol, Albany

1880-1882—Crane Memorial Public Library, Quincy

1881-Austin Hall (Law School), Harvard University, Cambridge

1883-1888—Allegheny County Courthouse and Jail, Pittsburgh

1885-1887—Glessner House, Chicago

1885-1887—Marshall Field Wholesale Warehouse, Chicago

Saarinen, Eero (1910-1961)

1945-1956—General Motor Technical Center (with Smith, Hinchman, and

Grylls)

1956-1962—Terminal, Trans World Airways, Kennedy Airport, New York

1960-1964—CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System) Headquarters, New York

Saarinen, Eliel (1873-1950)

1922—Tribune Tower Competition; second place entry

SOM (Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill; partnership founded in 1939 by John O. Merrill

[1896-1975], Louis Skidmore [1897-1962], and Nathaniel A. Owings [1903- ])

1952—Lever House, New York (Gordon Bunshaft, partner in charge)

1963—Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New

Haven (Gordon Bunshaft, partner in charge)

Strickland, William

1818-1824—Second Bank of the United States, Philadelphia

1832-1834—Philadelphia (Merchant’s) Exchange

1845-1859—State Capitol, Nashville

Sullivan, Louis (1856-1924)—see also Adler and Sullivan

1898-1903—Schlesinger & Mayer Department Store (renamed Carson Pirie Scott

& Co. in 1904 and enlarged by Burnham in 1906), Chicago

1906-1908—National Farmer’s Bank, Owatonna, Minnesota

Town & Davis (Ithiel Town [1784-1844] and Alexander Jackson Davis [1803-1892])

1831-1835—Indiana State Capitol, Indianapolis

1832—La Grange Terrace, New York (with J. H. Dakin)

1833-1840—North Carolina State Capitol, Raleigh (with others)

1833-1842—United States Custom House, New York (with others)

Walter, Thomas U. (1804-1887)

1833-1848—Girard College for Orphans, Philadelphia

1839—First Baptist Church, Richmond

1851-1865—United States Capitol wings and dome, Washington

1852—United States Treasury Building Extension, Washington

White, Stanford (1853-1906)—see McKim, Mead, and White

Wright, Frank Lloyd (1867-1959)

1901—Ward Willits House, Highland Park, Illinois

1904—Darwin D. Martin House, Buffalo

1904—Larkin Company Administration Building, Buffalo, NY

1906—Unity Temple, Chicago

1908—Robie House, Chicago

1908-1912—Coonley House, Riverside, Illinois

1911—Taliesin, Spring Green, Wisconsin (remodeled 1914 and 1925)

1915-1922—Imperial Hotel, Tokyo

1924—Ennis House, Los Angeles

1936-1939—Fallingwater (Kaufman House), Mill Run, Pennsylvania

1936-1946—S. C. Johnson and Son Administration Building, Racine, Wisconsin

1938—Taliesin West, Scottsdale, Arizona

1956—Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York

Buildings and Events Listed in Chronological Order

c. 2000 B. C.—Fig Island Shellring; North Edisto River, South Carolina

c. 800-1100—Cahokia (on the east side of the Mississippi opposite St. Louis)

1100-1275—Mesa Verde (southwest Colorado)

c. 1540—Funerary Temple, Cofitachiqui (central South Carolina; destroyed)

1610-1614—Palace of the Governors, Santa Fe, New Mexico

1632 St. Luke’s Church, Isle of Wight County, Virginia (tower after 1657)

c. 1655—Bacon’s Castle, Surry County, Virginia

1681—Old Ship Meeting House, Hingham, Massachusetts (additions 1731, 1755)

c. 1683—Parson Joseph Capen House, Topsfield, Massachusetts

c. 1684—John Ward House, Salem, Massachusetts

1701-1715—Capitol, Williamsburg, Virginia

1706-1719-- St. James’ Church, Goose Creek, South Carolina

1706-1720—Governor’s Palace, Williamsburg, Virginia

c. 1710—Archdale Hall, Dorchester County, South Carolina

1714—Mulberry Plantation, Berkeley County, South Carolina

1720-1731—San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo; San Antonio, Texas

c. 1721-1723—second St. Philip’s Church, Charleston

1725-1730—Stratford Hall, Westmoreland County, Virginia

1727—Christ Church, Philadelphia (tower added by Robert Smith, 1750-1754)

1730-1735—Westover, Charles City County, Virginia

c. 1730—Rosewell, Gloucester County, Virginia (ruins)

1731-1753—State House (Independence Hall), Philadelphia; Andrew Hamilton

1738-1742—Drayton Hall, Charleston County, South Carolina

c. 1746-1750—Charles Pinckney House, Charleston; Charles Pinckney

1748-1750—Redwood Library, Newport, Rhode Island; Peter Harrison

1749-1754—King’s Chapel, Boston; Peter Harrison

1751—Sheldon Church, Beaufort County, South Carolina

1752-1761—St. Michael’s Church, Charleston; redesigned by Samuel Cardy

1757-1787—Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia; redesigned by George

Washington (portico added 1786-1787)

1758-1762—Mount Airy, Richmond County, Virginia; attributed to John Ariss

1749-1763—Touro Synagogue, Newport; Peter Harrison

1761-1762—Mount Pleasant, Philadelphia

1761-1772—Brick Market, Newport; Peter Harrison

c. 1765—Brandon, Prince George County, Virginia

1765-1769—Miles Brewton House, Charleston; attributed to Richard Moncrieff

1766—Exchange and Custom House, Charleston; William Rigby Naylor

1768-1782-- first Monticello, Albemarle County; Thomas Jefferson

1769-1771—Chase House, Annapolis

c. 1772—John Stuart House, Charleston

1773-1774—Hammond-Harwood House, Annapolis; William Buckland

1774-1775—First Baptist Meeting House, Providence; Joseph Brown

1767-1770—Tryon’s Palace, New Bern, NC; John Hawks (largely reconstructed)

c. 1780, 1785-1788—Virginia State Capitol, Richmond; Thomas Jefferson

1782, 1801—Jerathmiel Peirce (Nichols) House, Salem; Samuel McIntire

c. 1780—William Gibbes House, Charleston

1791-1805—San Gabriel Arcangel, Los Angeles

1792-1792—United States Capitol competion; William Thornton, first prize.

1792-1801—President’s House (White House), Washington; James Hoban (competition)

1793—Tontine Crescent, Boston; Charles Bulfinch

1795-1797—Massachusetts State House, Boston; Charles Bulfinch

1796-1809—second Monticello, Albemarle County; Thomas Jefferson

c. 1796—Middleton-Pinckney House, Charleston; Thomas Pinckney

1797—Country Builder’s Assistant by Asher Benjamin (Adamesque designs in the first

American architecture book)

1798-1800—Bank of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Benjamin Henry Latrobe

1798-1800—The Octagon, Washington; William Thornton

1800—South Carolina Society Hall competition; Gabriel Manigault, first prize

1802-1804, 1817—Custis-Lee Mansion, Arlington; George Hadfield (Doric portico,

1817)

1803-1817—main interiors of the United States Capitol, Washington; Latrobe with others

c. 1803—Lodge, Joseph Manigault House, Charleston; Gabriel Manigault

1804-1805—John Gardner (Pingree) House, Salem; Samuel McIntire

1804-1818—Baltimore Cathedral; Latrobe

1804-1808—third Harrison Gray Otis House, Boston; Bulfinch

c. 1805—Daniel Cobia House, Charleston

c. 1809—Nathaniel Russell House, Charleston

1812-1817—Monumental Church, Richmond; Robert Mills

1814—Commandant’s House, United States Arsenal, Pittsburg; Latrobe

1815-1818—La Purísima Concepción; between San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara,

California

1817-1826—University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Thomas Jefferson

1818—Scarborough House, Savannah; William Jay

1818-1824—Second Bank of the United States, Philadelphia; William Strickland

1820—Bremo, Fluvanna County, Virginia; Thomas Jefferson

1820—portico of Custis-Lee Mansion, Arlington; George Hadfield

1820-1826—Washington City Hall; George Hadfield

1822-1826—Fireproof Building, Charleston; Robert Mills

c. 1822—William Mason Smith House, Charleston; William Jay

c. 1825—Lockkeeper’s House, Landsford Canal, South Carolina; Robert Mills

1827—Connecticut State Capitol, New Haven; Ithiel Town

1828—Unitarian Church, Quincy, Massachusetts; Alexander Parris

1828-1829—Tremont House [Hotel], Boston; Isaiah Rogers

1828-1829—Providence Arcade; RussellWarren and James Bucklin

1830 Practical House Carpenter by Asher Benjamin (primarily Greek Revival designs;

reprinted at least 21 times)

1830—Shadows on the Tèche; New Iberia, Louisiana

1831-1835—Indiana State Capitol, Indianopolis; Town & Davis

1832—La Grange Terrace, New York; Town & Davis with J. H. Dakin

1832-1834—Philadelphia (Merchant’s) Exchange; William Strickland

1833—Modern Builder’s Guide by Minard Lafever (most significant Greek Revival

manual)

1833-1840—North Carolina State Capitol, Raleigh; Town & Davis with others

1833-1842—Customs House, New York; Town and Davis and James Frazee

1833-1848—Girard College for Orphans, Philadelphia; Thomas U. Walter

1833-1855—Washington Monument, Washington; Robert Mills (completed 1884)

1834-1836—Bank of Louisville; James Dakin

1835—Beauties of Modern Architecture by Minard Lafever (Greek Revival details)

1835, 1839-1840—Hibernian Hall, Charleston; Thomas U. Walter

c. 1835-1840—Berry Hill, Halifax Co., Virginia (redesigned)

1835-1838—New York City Halls of Justice and House of Detention (“the Tombs”);

John Haviland

1836-1840—Patent Office, Washington; Robert Mills and others

1836-1838—third St. Philip’s Church, Charleston; Joseph Hyde

1836-1842—Treasury Building, Washington; Robert Mills and others

c. 1836—Oak Alley, Vacherie, Louisiana

1837—Rural Residences by Alexander Jackson Davis (urging the use of styles with

asymmetry for rural houses)

1837-1839—Charleston Hotel; Karl Friedrich Reichardt (burned; rebuilt; destroyed)

1837-1847—Custom House, Boston; Ammi B. Young

1838-1839—Guard House, Charleston; Karl Friedrich Reichardt (destroyed)

1838-1842, 1865-1867—Lyndhurst, Tarrytown, NY; Alexander Jackson Davis

1838-1861—Ohio State Capitol, Columbus; Henry Walters and others

c. 1838—William Ravenel House, Charleston; attributed to Kar Friedrich Reichardt

(portico destroyed in 1886)

1839—First Baptist Church, Richmond; Thomas U. Walter

1839-1846—Trinity Church, New York; Richard Upjohn

1839-1841—Milford, Sumter County, South Carolina; John Lawrence Manning and

Nathaniel F. Potter

1839-1842—Post Office Department, Washington; Robert Mills

1840-1841—Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim, Charleston; Tappan & Noble

c. 1840—Hill House, Athens

1842—Cottage Residences by A. J. Downing (popularizing informal architectural

designs for rural houses and landscapes)

1842—Gaineswood, Demopolis, Alabama

1845—Berry Hill, Halifax County, Virginia

1845-1859—Tennessee State Capitol, Nashville; William Strickland

1846—Grace Church, New York; James Renwick, Jr.

1847-1850—Westminster Presbyterian Church (Trinity Methodist), Charleston; Edward

C. Jones

1847-1852—Louisiana State Capitol; James Dakin

1848-1849—Smithsonian Institution, Washington; James Renwick, Jr.

1849—competition for the Custom House, Charleston; E. B. White, first prize

1850—Belle Helene, Ascension Parish, Louisiana; James Gallier

1851-1865—United States Capitol wings and dome; Thomas U. Walter

1852—United States Treasury Building Extension, Washington; Thomas U. Walter

1852-1853—Unitarian Church, Charleston; Francis D. Lee

1853—State Bank of South Carolina, Charleston; Edward C. Jones

1853—Jenkins Mikell House, Charleston; attributed to Edward C. Jones

1853-1855—Orphan House, Charleston; Jones & Lee

1855-1856—Director’s Room, Bank of Charleston; Jones & Lee

1856 Cast Iron Buildings: Their Construction and Advantages by James Bogardus

1857—Houghwout Store, New York; J. P. Gaynor (cast iron fronts and elevator)

1857—Custom House, Georgetown, DC; Ammi B. Young

1857—Belle Grove, White Castle, Louisiana; Henry Howard (destroyed)

1857—Villas and Cottages by Calvert Vaux (including Italianate designs)

1857-1858—Competition for Central Park, New York; won by Frederick Law Olmsted

and Calvert Vaux (completed 1876)

1857-1862—St. Luke’s Episcopal Church, Charleston; Francis D. Lee

1858-1871—St. Patrick’s Cathedral, New York; James Renwick, Jr.

1859-1871—Corcoran Gallery, Washington; James Renwick, Jr.

1869-1883—Brooklyn Bridge; John Augustus Roebling and Washington Augustus

Roebling

1871-1876—Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia; Frank Furness

1871-1889—State, War, and Navy Building, Washington; Alfred B. Mullett

1872—Olana, Greendale-on-Hudson, New York; F. E. Church and Calvert Vaux

1873-1877—Trinity Church, Boston; H. H. Richardson (porch completed 1890s)

1873-1874, 1881—Mark Twain House, Hartford, CT; Edward T. Potter (with Alfred H.

Thorp)

1876-1879—Provident Life and Trust Co., Philadelphia; Frank Furness

1878-1881—Senate Chamber, Capitol, Albany; H. H. Ricardson

1878-1882—W. K. Vanderbilt House, New York; Richard Morris Hunt

1880—Dakota Apartment House, New York; Henry Janeway Hardenbergh

1880-1882—Crane Memorial Library, Quincy; H. H. Richardson

1881-Austin Hall (Law School), Harvard University, Cambridge

1882-1885—Henry Villard Houses, New York; McKim, Mead, and White

1883-1888—Allegheny County Courthouse and Jail, Pittsburgh; H. H. Richardson

1884-1885—William Carson House, Eureka; Newsom Brothers

1884-1885—Home Insurance Building, Chicago; William LeBaron Jenney

1885-1887—Glessner House, Chicago; H. H. Richardson

1885-1887—Marshall Field Wholesale Warehouse, Chicago; Richardson

1885-1887—The Rookery Building, Chicago; Burnham and Root

1885-1888—Hotel Ponce de Léon, Saint Augustine; Carrère & Hastings

1886-1890—Auditorium Building, Chicago; Adler and Sullivan

1887-1891—Madison Square Garden, New York; McKim, Mead, and White (White)

1887-1898—Boston Public Library; McKim, Mead, and White

1888-1895—William K. and Alva Vanderbilt Mansion (Marble House), Newport;

Richard Morris Hunt

1888-1895—George W. Vanderbilt Mansion (Biltmore House), Ashville; Richard Morris

Hunt (with grounds by Frederick Law Olmsted)

1889-1890—Monadnock Building, Chicago; Burnham and Root (Root)

1889-1891—Second Leiter Building, Chicago; Jenney

1890-1891—Wainwright Building, St. Louis; Adler and Sullivan

1890-1895—Biltmore, Ashville; Richard Morris Hunt

1891-1894—Reliance Building, Chicago; Burnham and Root (begun by Root and redesigned by Charles B. Atwood, 1894-1895)

1892-1895—The Breakers (Cornelius Vanderbilt, II), Newport; Richard Morris Hunt

1892-1901—New York University, University Heights Campus, Bronx; McKim, Mead,

and White (White)

1893—World’s Columbian Exposition, Chicago; Burnham and Root et al. (temporary)

1893—Bradbury Building, Los Angeles; George H. Wyman

1893-1902—Columbia University, New York; McKim, Mead, and White (McKim)

1893-1915—Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences (Brooklyn Museum); McKim,

Mead, and White (McKim)

1894-1895—Metropolitan Museum of Art entrance pavilion, New York; Richard Morris

Hunt (completed 1902 by Richard Howland Hunt)

1894-1896—Guaranty Building, Buffalo; Adler and Sullivan

1896-1900—University Club, New York; McKim, Mead, and White (McKim)

1897—Competition for the New York Public Library; Carrère and Hastings, 1902-1911

1898-1903—Schlesinger & Mayer Department Store (renamed Carson Pirie Scott

& Co. in 1904 and enlarged by Burnham in 1906), Chicago; Sullivan

1899-1901—Boston Symphony Hall; McKim, Mead, and White (McKim with Wallace

C. Sabine, consultant on acoustics)

1900-1905—Bank of Montreal; McKim, Mead, and White (McKim; enlargement)

1901—Ward Willits House, Hiland Park, Illinois; Frank Lloyd Wright

1901-1904—New York Stock Exchange; George Browne Post

1902—McMillan Commission’s plan for Washington, D. C.

1902-1911—Pennsylvania Station, New York; McKim, Mead, and White (McKim)

1904—Darwin D. Martin House, Buffalo; Frank Lloyd Wright

1904—Larkin Company Administration Building, Buffalo, NY; Wright (destroyed)

1905—Plaza Hotel, New York; Henry Janeway Hardenbergh

1906—Unity Temple, Chicago; Wright

1906-1908—National Farmer’s Bank, Owatonna, Minnesota; Louis Sullivan

1906-1914—St. Thomas Church, New York (Cram, Goodhue, and Ferguson)

1907-1910—International Bureau of American Republics, Washington; Paul Philippe

Cret

1908—Robie House, Chicago; Wright

1908—David B. Gamble House, Pasadena; Greene and Greene

1908-1912—Coonley House, Riverside, Illinois; Wright

1909-1918—Ford Motor Co., Highland Park Plant, Michigan; Albert Kahn

1911—Taliesin, Spring Green, Wisconsin (rebuilt 1914 and 1925); Wright

1911-1913—Woolworth Building (760’), New York; Cass Gilbert

1911-1922—Lincoln Memorial, Washington; Henry Bacon

1913—Palace of Fine Arts, San Francisco; Bernard R. Maybeck

1913—Grand Central Terminal, New York; Warren and Wetmore; Reed and Stem

1914-1917—Vizcaya, Miami; F. Burrall Hoffman and Diego Suarez

1915-1922—Imperial Hotel, Tokyo; Wright (largely destroyed)

1918—Freer Gallery, Washington; Charles Adams Platt

1922—Tribune Tower Competition, Chicago; first prize to Howell and Hood (building

completed 1925); second prize to Eliel Saarinen

1924—Ennis House, Los Angeles; Wright

1927-1929—Lovell House, Los Angeles; Neutra

1928-1930—Daily News Building, New York; Howells and Hood

1928-1931—Empire State Building, New York; Shreve, Lamb, and Harmon

1929—Chrysler Building, New York; William Van Alen

1929-1933—Rockefeller Center, New York; Reinhard and Hofmeister; Corbet,

Harrison and McMurray; and Hood and Fouilhoux (site plan and RCA

Building primarily by Hood)

1931—PSFS (Philadelphia Saving Fund Society) Building, Philadelphia; Howe and

Lescaze

1933-1935—National Archives Building, Washington; Pope

1936—first Herbert Jacobs House, Madison; Wright (Usonian)

1936-1939—Fallingwater (Kaufman House), Mill Run, Pennsylvania; Wright

1936-1942—S. C. Johnson and Son Administration Building, Racine, Wisconson; Frank

Lloyd Wright

1937—National Gallery of Art; Pope (completed by Eggers and Higgins, 1941)

1937—Strathmore Apartments, Los Angeles; Neutra

1938—Taliesin West, Scottsdale, Arizona; Wright

1945-1948—Equitable Building, Portland; Pietro Belluschi

1945-1951—Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois; Mies van der Rohe

1945-1956—General Motor Technical Center; Eero Saarinen with Smith, Hinchman, and

Grylls

1947-1953—United Nations Buildings, New York; Harrison and Abramovitz, Le

Corbusier, Niemeyer, and Markelius

1948—Equitable Building, Portland; Pietro Belluchi

1948-1951—Lake Shore Drive Apartments, Chicago; Mies van der Rohe (associated)

1949-1950—Harvard University Graduate Center, Cambridge; Walter Gropius with TAC

1950-1956—Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago; Mies van der

Rohe (associated)

1952—Lever House, New York; SOM (Bunshaft)

1954-1958—Seagram Building, New York; Mies van der Rohe (associated)

1956—Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York; Wright

1956-1962—Terminal, Trans World Airways, Kennedy Airport, New York; Eero

Saarinen

1957—Pan American Building, New York; Walter Gropius with Pietro Belluchi

1958-1962—Art and Architecture Building, Yale University; Paul Rudolph

1960-1964—CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System) Headquarters, New York; Eero

Saarinen

1962—Vanna Venturi House, Philadelphia; Robert Venturi

1962-1976—World Trade Center, New York; Minoru Yamasaki

1963—Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University; SOM (Bunshaft)

1963—Chicago Civic Center, Chicago; C. F. Murphy Associates, supervising architects;

SOM; Loebl, Schlossman & Bennett, associate architects

1963-1968—Ford Foundation Headquarters, New York; Roche and Dinkeloo

1964—Green Center for the Earth Sciences, MIT, Cambridge; Pei

1964—New York State Theatre, Lincoln Center, New York; Philip Johnson Associates

1966—Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture by Robert Venturi published by the

Museum of Modern Art, New York

1966-1972—Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth; Louis I. Kahn

1967—University Plaza, New York University; Pei

1967—Ford Foundation Building, New York; Roche & Dinkeloo

1968—Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, NY; Pei

1958-1962—Art and Architecture Building, Yale University; Paul Rudolph

1964-1967—Hyatt Regency Hotel, Atlanta; John Portman and Associates

1975—Pacific Design Center, Los Angeles; Cesar Pelli

1975—Five Architects: Eisenman, Graves, Gwathmey, Hejduk, Meier published by

Oxford University Press, New York.

1978—Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans, La.; Charles Moore and August Perez Associates

1978--AT&T Building, New York; Johnson/Burgee Architects