Description
This course entails a survey of human cultural evolution from its earliest beginnings until the end of the Pleistocene Ice Ages.  The basis for the course is a culture history for Pleistocene archaeological materials in two principle regions:  Africa and Europe.  In addition to a culture history, processual issues such as the origins of culture, the evolution of cognitive behavior, and changing human land use patterns will be discussed in some detail.

The course will concentrate on the archaeological record of Europe for several reasons.  First, my own fieldwork is there, and I know the materials first hand.  Second, the record is extraordinarily rich from Pleistocene age sites, lending a measure of detail to our interpretations that would be impossible elsewhere.

Instructor
     Dr. Maureen A. Hays   web site- http://www.cofc.edu/~haysm/
     Office -104 at 88 Wentworth  email- haysm@cofc.edu
     Phone - 953-6597
     Office Hours - Mon Wed Fri 1-2, and by appointment

Course Texts
     Reading packet  (Available at SAS-E Inc.)
     Linked readings from webpage
     Electronic Reserve: http://ereserve.cofc.edu/coursepage.asp?cid=442

Grading
Determined by the total of scores from 2 Exams, a Midterm (25%) and a Cumulative Final (30%), Class Preparation (5%)   and Class Participation (5%), 2 Oral Presentations (10%),  participation in 3 Debates (10%), and a final Group Project (15%)

 Midterm -  Oct. 4                            25%
 Final -                                             30%
      9:00  Dec 6 8-11
     10:00  Dec 11 8-11
 Class Participation                          5%
 Class Preparation                            5%
 Oral Presentations 5% x2               10%
 Debates                                          10%
      direct debate  5%
      participate debate 2.5% x 2.5%
 Group Project                                15%
      Bibliography  1%
      Annotated Bibliography 2%
      Outline   2%
      Presentation  10%

Midterm  and Final Exams
The midterm and final are designed to evaluate your critical thinking skills.  They will be in essay format, and will test your ability to synthesize the material from the journal articles, discussion, and lecture.  The final is cumulative.

Class Participation
Students will be called on daily to actively participate in class discussions and group activities.

Class Preparation
Every class students will prepare an outline of the assigned readings.  These will be collected randomly throughout the semester at the beginning of class. This assignment will facilitate discussions and provide the instructor with a means of evaluating student comprehension of the assigned journal articles.

Oral Presentations
Oral Presentations are 3-5 minute presentations on a portion of the lecture topic for the day. The article is provided from me or by link on the web site.  This is generally a specific illustrative example.  Each student will be responsible twice in the semester.  If you are not in class for your presentation you will forfeit 5% of your grade.  If you foresee a problem with the date you have signed up for make arrangements to switch with a classmate and clear it with me. No make-ups will be given.

Debates
     Debate 1: Mon, September 30 Where early hominids hunters? Hunting vs Scavenging
     Debate 2: Fri, October 18 Did Neandertals bury their dead?
     Debate 3: Mon, October 28 What happened to the Neandertals? Replacement vs Continuity
Debates will focus on controversial issues in paleolithic archaeology.  Several students will be responsible for directing the debate. All other students will participate in point and counterpoint arguments to specific questions.  If you are not there to direct your debate, you will forfeit 5% of your grade.  If you are not there to participate, 2.5%.  No make-ups will be given.

Oral Project
Students will be responsible for presenting, with 3-4 other students their topic during a 50  minute class. If you miss your oral presentation, you will forfeit 10% of your grade.  No make-ups will be given.
Oral Project Schedule
     Bibliography   Due: Friday, September 20
Prepare a working bibliography of at least 3 primary references.  These references will be specific to your part in the presentation.
    Annotated Bibliography  Due: Friday October 18
 Prepare a 1 page summary for each of the 3 references.
    Outline    Due: Friday November, 1
 Prepare a detailed outline for your presentation.  It must have at least 3 levels
  I.
   A.
    1.
       Presentation   Due: TBA
You will present orally, along with your classmates, the results of your findings.  I suggest that you divide the labor into topic areas: hominids, tools, other material culture, art, subsistence patterns etc.  Each presentation should be a total of 40 minutes allowing 10 minutes for student questions and discussion of the assigned readings.
Room 107 is equipped with the latest in media technology.  You should familiarize yourself with the technology (power point, slide projector, overhead, blackboard) and utilize this technology to enrich your presentation.

Attendance Policy
Attendance will be taken every day.  More than 3 absences will result in lowering of the final grade by one letter grade.

Make-Up Policy
If you miss an exam you must see me within one week after the exam to schedule a make-up.  There are no make-ups for oral projects.

Grading Scale
 A 100-92        C+ 81-77      F 66-0
 B+ 91-87        C 76-72
 B 86-82          D 71-67

Lectures and Readings

Week 1  August 21-23
W: Introduction

F: History of Prehistory
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs. 67-69

Week 2  August 26-30
M: History of Prehistory

W: Re-writing Man's History

F: Science and Pseudo Science
K. Feder. 1999. Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries.  Chapter 1 and 2 pgs. 1-39

Week 3   September 2-6
M: Ethnographic and Experimental  Analogy & Hunter Gatherer Studies
The use of ethnographic analyses for researching Late Palaeolithic settlement systems, settlement patterns and land use in the Northwest European Plain. R.R. Newell and T.S. Constandse-Westermann. World Archaeology, Feb 1996 v27 n3 p372(17).

W: The Archaeological Record and Dating Techniques
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs. 42-43, 142-143.

Middle and Upper Palaeolithic environments and the calibration of 14C dates beyond 10,000 BP. Tjeerd H. van Andel. Antiquity, March 1998 v72 n275 p26(8).  Elec. Coll.: A20632317.

F: Stone Tools
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs. 58-63

Week 4  September 9-13
M: Oldowan

W: Earliest Evidence of Culture
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs. 30-41, 44-46

F: Oldowan & Developed Oldowan
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs. 48-57

The Worlds Oldest Stone Artefacts from Gona, Ethiopia: Their
Implications for Understanding Stone Technology and Patterns of Human Evolution Between 26-15 Million Years Ago. S. Semaw. Journal of Archaeological Science, Dec 2000 v27 i12 p1197(18).  Elec. Coll.: CA88131573.
http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/jasc.1999.0592/pdf

Week 5  September 16-20
M: The Ice Age
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs. 74-77, 87-89, 154-155

W: Early Acheulean
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs.65-66,  92-93, 90-91

African Homo erectus: Old Radiometric Ages and Young Oldowan Assemblages in the Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia
J. D. Clark, J. de Heinzelin, K. D. Schick, W. K. Hart, T. D. White, G. WoldeGabriel, R. C. Walter, G. Suwa, B. Asfaw, E. Vrba, Y. H.-Selassie Science, New Series, Vol. 264, No. 5167. (Jun. 24, 1994), pp. 1907-1910.
http://www.jstor.org/view/00368075/di002270/00p0192w/0?currentResult=00368075%2bdi002270%2b00p0192w%2b0%2c01%2b19940624%2b9993%2b80059375&psearchExp=&searchID=8dd5531e.10281268970&nextHit=01&sortOrder=SCORE&viewContent=Article&config=jstor&frame=noframe&userID=99090d40@cofc.edu/018dd5531e00508cc82f&dpi=3&displayChunk=10

F: Acheulean

Week 6  September 23-27
M: Radiation
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs. 70-73, 78-81

Out of Africa: The Dispersal of the Earliest Technical Systems Reconsidered. E. Carbonell, M. Mosquera, X.P.
Rodriguez, R. Sala and  J. van der Made. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, June 1999 v18 i2 p119(18).  Elec. Coll.: CA85648001.
http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/jaar.1998.0331/pdf

W: Acheulean Variability
Regional comparison of the shapes of later Acheulean handaxes. Thomas Wynn and Forrest Tierson. American Anthropologist, March 1990  v92 n1 p73(12).

F: European Acheulean
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs. 82-86, 94-95

Land-use and site function in Acheulean complexes of the Somme Valley. Alain Tuffreau, Agnes Lamotte and Jean-Luc Marcy. World Archaeology, Oct 1997 v29 n2 p225(17).
http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/printpage/00438243/ap000088/00a00070/0?backurl=/cgi-bin/jstor/viewitem/00438243/ap000088/00a00070/0%3fconfig%3djstor%26frame%3dnoframe%26userID%3d99090d40@cofc.edu/01cc99331400508fa8ae%26dpi%3d3%26PAGE%3d0&backcontext=table-of-contents&config=jstor&userID=99090d40@cofc.edu/01cc99331400508fa8ae&dpi=3

Week 7  September 30- October 4
M: Debate 1: Where early hominids hunters? Hunting vs Scavenging
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs. 47

1. Bunn, H.T. and E.M. Kroll. 1986 Systematic Butchery by Plio-Pleistocene Hominids at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Current Anthropology 27:431-452.
http://www.jstor.org/view/00113204/dm991463/99p0474l/0?config=jstor&frame=noframe&userID=99090d40@cofc.edu/018dd5531800509c0139&dpi=3

2. Blumenschine, R.  1986. Characteristics of and Early Hominid Scavenging Niche.  Current Anthropolgy 28: 383-407.
http://www.jstor.org/view/00113204/dm991467/99p0064e/0?config=jstor&frame=noframe&userID=99090d40@cofc.edu/018dd5531800509c0139&dpi=3

W: Acheulean

F: Midterm Exam

Week 8  October 7-11
M: Archaic Homo sapiens
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs.106-111

W: Neandertals
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs. 100-101

The Expulsion of the Neanderthals from Human Ancestry: Marcellin Boule and the Social Context of Scientific Research Michael Hammond Social Studies of Science, Vol. 12, No. 1. (Feb., 1982), pp. 1-36.
http://www.jstor.org/view/03063127/ap010028/01a00020/0?currentResult=03063127%2bap010028%2b01a00020%2b0%2c01%2b19820200%2b9991%2b80179799&psearchExp=&searchID=8dd55318.10281290780&nextHit=01&sortOrder=SCORE&viewContent=Article&config=jstor&frame=noframe&userID=99090d40@cofc.edu/018dd5531e00508cc82f&dpi=3&displayChunk=10

F: Mousterian Behavior
Neandertal archaeology--implications for our origins. G.A. Clark. American Anthropologist, March 2002 v104 i1 p50(18).

Week 9  October 14-18
M: Fall Break No Class

W: Mousterian Technology
On planning and curated technologies in the Middle Paleolithic. Steven L. Kuhn. Journal of Anthropological Research, Fall 1992 v48 n3 p185(30).

F: Debate 2: Did Neandertals Bury Their Dead?
Gargett, R 1989 Grave Shortcomings.  Current Anthropology 30: 157-190
http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/viewitem/00113204/dm991476/99p02614/0?currentResult=00113204%2bdm991476%2b99p02614%2b0%2c01%2b19890400%2b9995%2b80109599&psearchExp=&searchID=cc99331a.9997147320&nextHit=01&sortOrder=SCORE&viewContent=Article&config=jstor&frame=noframe&userID=99090d40@cofc.edu/01cc99331a4b1e8c3a0cd50&dpi=3&displayChunk=10

Week 10  October 21-25
M: Earliest Burials
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs. 112-117

W: The Fate of the Neandertals

F: Transition
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs.97-99, 102-105, 106-107, 118-119

The Logic of Inference in Transition Research.  Geoffery A. Clark.  In Questioning the Answers: Re-solving Fundamental Problems of the Early Upper Paleolithic.  Edited by M. Hays and P. Thacker.  2001. pp. 39-48.

Week 11 October 28- November 1
M:  Debate 3: What happened to the Neandertals? Replacement vs Continuity
Neanderthal acculturation in Western Europe? A critical review of the evidence and its interpretation. (includes comments and reply)(Special Issue: The Neanderthal Problem and the Evolution ofHuman Behavior) Francesco D'Errico, Joao Zilhao, Michele Julien,  Dominique Baffier, Jacques Pelegrin, Nicholas J. Conard, Pierre-Yves  Demars, Paul Mellars, Margherita Mussi, Jiri Svoboda, Yvette Taborin, L.G. Vega Toscano, Randall White and J.-J. Hublin. Current Anthropology, June 1998 v39 n3 pS1(44).  Elec. Coll.: A20737755. http://www.jstor.org/browse/00113204/dm991523/99p0031n/0?backurl=/cgi-bin/jstor/viewitem/00113204/dm991523/99p0031n/0%3fconfig%3djstor%26frame%3dnoframe%26userID%3d99090d40@cofc.edu/01cc99331400508faa36%26dpi%3d3%26PAGE%3d0&backcontext=page&config=jstor&frame=noframe&userID=99090d40@cofc.edu/01cc99331400508faa36

W: Chatelperronian
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs.120-123

On the Chatelperronian/ Aurignacian Conundrum: One Culture, Multiple Human Morphologies? JEROME E. DOBSON and GLENN W. GEELHOED. Current Anthropology, Feb 2001 v42 i1 p139.  Elec. Coll.: A71873401.
http://web6.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/391/811/24235483w6/purl=rc1_EAIM_0_A71873401&dyn=5!xrn_1_0_A71873401?sw_aep=cofc_main

F: Aurignacian
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs.124-127

Early Upper Paleolithic Hunting Technology and Techniques in Southwest France.  Gail Larsen Peterkin. In Questioning the Answers: Re-solving Fundamental Problems of the Early Upper Paleolithic.  Edited by M. Hays and P. Thacker.  2001. pp. 171-186.

Week 12 November 4-8
M: Gravettian
Hunting in the Gravettian: An Examination of the Evidence from Southwest France.  Anne Pike-Tay and Harvey Bricker.  In Hunting and Animal Exploitation in the Later Paleolithic and Mesolithic of Eurasia. Edited by G. Peterkin, H. Bricker and P. Mellars 1993. pp. 127-144.

W: Solutrean
A Quarter-Century of Research on the Solutrean of Vasco-Cantabria, Iberia and Beyond.(Special Issue: An American in Stone Age Spain: Homenaje de sus Alumnos al Prof. L.G. Freeman) Lawrence Guy Straus. Journal of Anthropological Research, Spring 2000 v56 i1 p39(20).

F: The Magdalenian
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs. 136-137

Readaptation: Changes in Magdalenian Subsistence and Social Organization. James Enloe.  In Regional Approaches to Adaptation in Late Pleistocene Western Europe edited by G. Peterkin and H. Price. 2000. pp 115-120.

Coming Out from the Cold: Western Europe in Dryas I and Beyond.  Lawrence Guy Straus.  In Regional Approaches to Adaptation in Late Pleistocene Western Europe edited by G. Peterkin and H. Price. 2000. pp. 191-204.

Week 13 November 11-15
M: The Magdalenian of Grotte XVI
The Magdalenian of Grotte XVI and Regional Approaches to Magdalenian Settlement and Economy.  Jean Philippe Rigaud, Jan Simek and Maureen Hays.  In Regional Approaches to Adaptation in Late Pleistocene Western Europe edited by G. Peterkin and H. Price. 2000. pp. 9-24.

W: Technology of Paleolithic Art
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs.128-133

F: Portable Art and Paleolithic Images
D. Price and G. Feinman, 2001.  Images of the Past.  pgs. 134-135, 138-139

Technology and Social Dimensions of "Aurignacian-Age" Body Ornaments Across Europe.  Randall White. In Before Lascaux: The Complex Record of the Early Upper Paleolithic. 1993.  pp. 277-300.

Mithen, S. To Hunt or to Paint: Animals and Art in the Upper Paleolithic.  Man 23:671-695.
 

Week 14 November 18-22
M: Interpreting Paleolithic Art
Barton, C. Michael, G.A. Clark, Allison E. Cohen. 1994 Art as information: explaining Upper Paleolithic art in western Europe. (Communication and Language)  World Archaeology 26:185-208.
http://www.jstor.org/view/00438243/ap000079/00a00070/0?config=jstor&frame=noframe&userID=99090d40@cofc.edu/01cc9933140050902c5e&dpi=3

W: A Tour of Lascaux and Chauvet

F: Oral Project #1: Africa Middle and Late Stone Age

Week 15  November 25-29
M: Oral Project #2: East Asia

W: Thanksgiving No Class

F: Thanksgiving No Class

Week 16 December 2
M: Oral Project #3: Australia