History 270.01
Working list: Classroom Visuals
Themes and Topics
- Maps of Egypt and Nubia
- Land, Environment and Irrigation
- Nile River and Inundation
- Historiography and Methods
- Creation Mythologies and Cosmologies
- Calendars and Chronology
- Language and Writing
- Egyptian Society and Social Structure
- Egyptian History: Predynastic and Archaic Periods
- Egyptian History: Old Kingdom and 1st Intermediate Period
- Egyptian History: Middle Kingdom and 2nd Intermediate Period
- New Kingdom: Dynasty 18
- New Kingdom: Amarna Period and Following
- New Kingdom: Dynasty 19
- New Kingdom: Dynasty 20
- Post-New Kingdom
MAPS OF EGYPT AND NUBIA
Egypt
- Relief Map of Ancient Egypt and Western Asia
- Map of the Ancient Near East (color)
- Map of Egypt (color)
- Map of Egypt (black & white--for printing)
- Map of Modern Egypt (CIA)
- Map: Nile Delta in the Middle Kingdom
- Map: Nile Delta: 7 Branches of the Ancient Nile River
- Map: Nile Delta: Ancient Coastline during the Old Kingdom
- Map: The Nile River Basin (sources of the Nile inundation)
- Map: Comparative Areas, Egypt and the U.S.
- Map: Floor of the Mediterranean Sea
- Reconstruction: Egyptian world view (color)
- Reconstruction: Egyptian world view--with Egyptian place names (color)
- Map: The nomes of Upper and Lower Egypt (b/w) Nome boundaries conjectured and standardized.
- Map: The nomes of the Delta (Lower Egypt) Exact nome boundaries unclear.
- Map: The nomes of Upper Egypt (color) Nome boundaries conjectured and standardized.
- Maps: Predynastic Egypt, Distribution of Sites across Periods
- Map: Three Proto-kingdoms of Upper Egypt (prior to the political consolidation of Upper Egypt under Hierakonpolis)
- Map: Pyramid-temple estates of King Snefru Locations of estates (pious foundations) throughout the country in relation to the pyramid and temple at Dahshur
- Map: Egyptian Empire, New Kingdom
- Map: Invasion routes of the Sea People through the Near East
- Satellite Map and Overlay: Luxor-Farshut Desert Roads Network
Nubia
- Map: Ancient Nubia
- Map: Second Cataract Region: The Forts of Amenemhat I
- Map: Second Cataract Region: The Forts of Sesostris III
- Map: Second Intermediate Period Political Kingdoms along the Nile River
LAND, ENVIRONMENT AND IRRIGATION
- Drawing: Phases of the Sahara Desert, 120,000 BC to Present (color)
- Photo: Views of the Nile Delta from Space
- Photo: Red Sea, Beach at Quseir (and excavations)
- Drawing: Topographical Cross-section of the Nile Valley (color)
- Drawing: Nile Flood Plain, Schematic Plan and Section
- Photo: Medum, Edge of the Cultivation and Collapsed Pyramid of Huni
- Photo: Middle Egypt Lush Oasis
- Photo (Quicktime): West Bank of Thebes
- Photo: Panorama of West Bank of Thebes
- Photo: Wadi Hammamat, Eastern Desert
- Photo: Sadd el-Kafara Dam in Wadi Garawi, View to Northwest and North Wing, Upstream Side
- Photo: Sadd el-Kafara Dam, View Down Wadi and North Wing
- Photo: Modern Irrigation Canal, Western Thebes (Qurnah)
- Animation: Flooding of the Nile Valley during Inundation Season
- Schematic Plan: Overview of Basin Irrigation System: basins and canals (color)
- Reconstruction: Basin irrigation system--low water prior to inundation (color)
- Reconstruction: Basin irrigation system--opening the feeder canals (color)
- Reconstruction: Basin irrigation system--high water level (color)
- Animation: Basin System at Work (P. Piccione)
- Photo: Irrigation scene with shaduf: tomb of Ipuy (W. Thebes)
- Drawing: Reconstruction of Ancient Memphis, aerial view (7th century BC)
- Satellite Photo: Modern Luxor and WesternThebes
- Drawing: Reconstruction of Ancient Thebes, aerial view (6th century BC)
- Plan: Alexandria, Ancient and Modern (overlay)
- Drawing: Reconstruction of Pharos Lighthouse
- Photo and Drawing: Comparison of ancient and modern shadufs, AD 1890 and tomb of Ipuy (14th century BC)
- Composite Aerial Photo: Comparison of Khufu's Great Pyramid and College of Charleston campus
- Composite Aerial Photo: Comparison of Karnak Temple and College of Charleston campus
- Composite Aerial Photo: Comparison of the Fort of Buhen and College of Charleston campus
NILE RIVER AND INUNDATION
- Aerial Photo: Nile Inundation at Giza
- Photo: Nile Inundation near Giza Pyramids
- Aerial Photo: Nile Inundation at Dahshur (with island-village)
- Photo: White Chapel of Sesostris I, Karnak Temple
- Photo and Text: White Chapel of Sesostris I and Text of Ideal the Nile inundation
- Photo: Riverbank Village, Nile Levee, Upper Egypt
- Photo: Riparian Lands and Fields, High Water (Summer),
- Photo: Nile River, High Water (Summer), Luxor West Bank (facing south)
- Photo: Nile River, Low Water (Winter) (Upper Egypt, facing northwest)
- Photo: Colossi of Memnon during Inundation, Western Thebes (Qurnah)
- Photo: Nile River, First Cataract, South of Aswan (color)
- Panoramic Photo: Nile River, Second Cataract and Environs, AD 1890 (b/w)
HISTORIOGRAPHY AND METHODS
- Sources and Approaches to the Study of Egyptian Culture
- Web Page: The Napoleonic Expedition 1798-1799, Linda Hall Library exhibition
CREATION MYTHOLOGIES AND COSMOLOGIES
- Chart: Egyptian Cosmogony of Heliopolis
- Photo (composite): Shabaka Stone: Memphite Theology
- Photo: Wall Painting of Ra in boat (tomb of Sennedjem)
- Photo: Statuette of Tutankhamun as Nefertem
- Photo: Statuette of Ptah (Tutankhamun)
- Drawing: Egyptian Conception of Cosmos (plan)
- Drawing from papyrus: Shu (air) Separates Geb (earth) from Nut (sky)
- Drawing: Schematic Conception of Heaven, Earth and Netherworld (elevation)
CALENDARS AND CHRONOLOGY
- Drawing: Astronomical Ceiling, Tomb of Senenmut (ca. 1488 BC)
- Drawing: Ceiling Detail: Constellation Orion and Star Sirius
- Photo: Constellation Orion and Star Sirius in the Southern Sky (click on image to animate labels)
- Photo-montage: Orion-Sah and Sirius-Sopdet in the Southern Sky
- Animation: Demonstration of Heliacal Rising of Sothis/Sirius (Peret Sopdet), Memphis, July 6, 1991, 4:50 am UT (= 6:55 am standard local time). Extracted from Sky View Café (skyviewcafe.com).
- Utility: Sky View Café.com. Demonstrate and explore astronomical events and observations in the past and present.; perform exercises in Egyptian calendrics.
- Drawing: Lunar Calendar with Concurrent Rotating Civil (Solar) Calendar (animation)
- Egyptian Solar (Civil) Calendar: Seasons, Months and Days
- Concordance of Calendars: Gregorian and Egyptian Solar (Civil) Calendars
- Chart: New Kingdom Regnal Year Dating (Issues)
- Chart: Rate of Daily Slippage between Egyptian Solar Calendar (365 days) and Lunar Calendar (av. 354 days)
- Chart: Comparison of Months of the Solar and Lunar Calendars with Coptic Month-names
- Chart: The Sothic Cycle Resulting from Daily Slippage between Solar Year (365 days) and Sidereal (Natural) Year (365.25 days)
LANGUAGE AND WRITING
- Chart: Afro-Asiatic Languages
- Map: Distribution of Afro-Asiatic Languages
- Chart: Stemma of Semitic Languages
- Chart: Phases of the Egyptian Language and Wrting
- Chart: Egyptian Alphabet--Uniliteral Signs (Gardiner)
- Drawing: Samples of Hieratic Script (Gardiner)
- Drawing: Inscribed Doorway, Medinet Habu, Thutmose III, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18 (O.I. Epigraphic Survey)
- Rosetta Stone, Ptolemy IV Epiphanes, 196 BC
- First Egyptian Hieroglyphs: Ivory Tags, Abydos, Dynasty 0, Tomb of King Scorpion, 4th Millennium BC
- Last Egyptian Hieroglyphs: Invocation to Merwel (Mandulis), Temple of Philae, AD 394
- Photo: General Horemheb as a Seated Scribe, Dynasty 18, Metropolitan Museum of Art
EGYPTIAN SOCIETY AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE
- Graph: Population of the Nile Valley, 5000 BC - AD 1000 (hypothetical)
- Chart: Hypothetical Demographic Development in Ancient Egypt (by Region), 4000 BC - 150 BC
- Diagram: Comparative Social Structure: Egypt vs. Europe (nb: pharaoh as a focus of society around whom orbit the social classes)
- Chart: Organization of the Egyptian Government in the New Kingdom (O'Connor, 1983)
EGYPTIAN HISTORY: PREDYNASTIC AND ARCHAIC PERIODS
- Photo: Abydos, Tomb U-j, Horus Scorpion (Naqada IId/IIIa)(
- Drawing: Ivory Knife-handle, Gebel el-Arak, Egypt. Mesopotamian motives: master of animals (= Sumerian en) and preying animals, and Mesopotamian-like ships with upraised prows and sterns
- Drawing: Ivory Knife-handle, Gebel el-Tarif, Egypt. Mesopotamian motives: entwined serpents, rosettes, winged griffin, and preying animals
- Drawing: Scorpion Macehead, Hierakonpolis. Relief depicting King Scorpion of Hierakonpolis (Dynasty 0) in the ritual of cutting open a dike or canal; dead rekhyt-birds on standards represent defeated people of the Delta-region.
- Drawing: Narmer Palette, Hierakonpolis. Left side depicts Narmer as King of Upper Egypt performing the ritual execution of a Lower Egyptian captive. The right side depicts him as King of Lower Egypt inspecting ten decapitated corpses.
- Drawing: Reconstruction of mastaba of King Djet, Saqqara, Dynasty 1
- Photo: Funerary Enclosure of Khasekhemwy, Hierakonpolis (Dynasty 2)
- Photo: Funerary Enclosure of Khasekhemwy, Hierakonpolis, detail of niched-brick panelled facade
- Photo: Funerary Enclosure of Khasekhemwy, Abydos (Dynasty 2)
- Photo: Boat-graves of Khasekhemwy, Abydos (Dynasty 2)
EGYPTIAN HISTORY: OLD KINGDOM AND 1ST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
- Drawing: 3-D Reconstruction of simplified Old Kingdom mastaba (color)
- Drawing: Evolution of Pyramid Architecture from mastaba through step pyramid to true pyramid (Dynasties 1-4)
- Plan: Step Pyramid Complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Dynasty 3
- Photo: Satellite Photograph of Step Pyramid Complex of Djoser
- Photo: Step Pyramid Complex of Djoser, enclosure wall and main entrance
- Animation: Step Pyramid of King Djoser, Saqqara, Dynasty 3: five building from simple mastaba to step pyramid (color)
- Drawing: Section of Step Pyramid of King Djoser with five building phases (color)
- Photo: Partially Collapsed Pyramid of Medum
- Photo: Pyramid of Huni at Medum
- Drawing: Section of Pyramid of Huni at Medum, Dynasty 3-4: detailing alteration from step pyramid to true pyramid (b/w)
- Photo: Bent Pyramid of Snefru at Dahshur, Dynasty 4
- Photo: Statuette of King Khufu (Louvre)
- Photo: Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) at Giza (photo by Francis Frith)
- Composite Aerial Photo: Comparison of Khufu's Great Pyramid and College of Charleston campus
- Photo: Giza, Pyramids of Khufu's Queens and Boat-graves
- Photo: Giza, mastabas of the Old Kingdom (from top of Khufu's pyramid)
- Photo: Giza, Pyramid of Khafre and mortuary temple (from top of Khufu's pyramid)
- Drawing: Reconstruction of the Pyramids of Abu Sir, Dynasty 5 (color)
- Drawing: Reconstruction of the sun-temple of King Neuserre at Abu Ghurob (Dynasty 5) with benben as cult-focus (color)
- Drawing: 3-D Reconstruction of pyramid and pyramid temple of King Unas, Saqqara, Dynasty 5 (color)
- Photo: Satellite Photograph of Pyramid Complex of Unas
EGYPTIAN HISTORY: MIDDLE KINGDOM, NUBIA, AND 2ND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
- Photo: Mortuary temples of Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II and Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari (Dynasty 11, Western Thebes)
- Plan and reconstruction of the mortuary temple and tomb of Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II at Deir el-Bahari (Dynasty 11, Western Thebes)
- Photo: Statue of Deified King Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II (Deir el-Bahari temple and tomb)
- Photo: Statue of King Amenemhat (Karnak temple)
- Photo: Statue of Sesostris I (MMA-New York)
- Photo: Statuary of Sesostris III
- Photo: Model of Nubian Archers Marching (Madjay (Cairo Museum)
- Map: Nubia, Second Cataract Region: The Forts of Amenemhat I
- Plan: Nubia, Fort of Buhen
- Composite Aerial Photo: Comparison of the Fort of Buhen and College of Charleston campus
- Photo: Nubia, Ruins of Fort of Buhen (colorized)
- Map: Nubia, Second Cataract Region: The Forts of Sesostris III
- Drawing: Nubia, Semna and Kumma Forts (Nubia)
- Drawing: Nubia, Plan and Reconstruction, Fort of Shalfak
- Map: Second Intermediate Period Political Kingdoms along the Nile River
- Photo: head of the mummy of King Seqenenre Tao II (Thebes, Dyn. 17)
- Photo: Second Stela of Kamose (Dyn. 17)
NEW KINGDOM: DYNASTY 18
- Photo: Statuette of Queen Ahmes-Nefertari
- Genealogical Chart: 18th Dynasty Royal Family (color)
- Photo: Statue of Amenhotep I
- Photo: Statue of Queen Ahmes Meritamun (British Museum)
- Photo: Statue of Thutmose I
- Drawing: Relief of Queen Ahmes, Mother of Hatshepsut (drawn by Howard Carter, Temple of Deir el-Bahari)
- Photo: Seated Statue of Queen Hatshepsut
- Photo: Obelisk of Queen Hatshepsut, decorated pyramidion, Karnak Temple
- Photo: Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari, Western Thebes
- Drawing: Reconstruction of Temples of Deir el-Bahari, Western Thebes
- Photo: Statue of Thutmose III
- Photo: Statue of Thutmose III (close-up)
- Map: Egyptian Empire, New Kingdom
- Photo: Statue of Amenhotep II
- Photo: Statue of Thutmose IV
- Plan: Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak
- Drawing: Reconstruction of Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak (color)
- Composite Aerial Photo: Comparison of Karnak Temple and College of Charleston campus
- Photo: First Pylon-gateway of the Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak
- Photo: Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak from above First Court
- Photo: Columns of the Hypostyle Hall, Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak
- Photo: Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak from Sacred Lake
- Photo: Gold Cult-statue of of Amun-Ra, King of the Gods
- Drawing: Procession of the Portable Bark-shrine of Amun-Ra, Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak, Dyn. 30 (wall relief, sanctuary facade)
- Photo: Pylons and Entrance of Luxor Temple (Temple of Amun-Kamutef)
- Drawing: Reconstruction of Luxor Temple
- Drawing: Captured Peoples of the Egyptian Empire (personification of the "Nine Bows"-enemies), from the throne dais of Amenhotep III
- Photo: Nubians Bringing Tribute to Egypt (tomb of Sebekhotep)
- Photo: Egyptianized Nubian Princess and Retinue Come in Homage to King Tutankhamun (tomb of Huy)
- Photo: Wall Scene of Nubian Princes and Princesses Bringing Tribute to Tutankhamun (tomb of Huy)
NEW KINGDOM: AMARNA PERIOD AND FOLLOWING
- Photo: Colossi of Memnon: Monumental statues of Amenhotep III, Qurnah, Western Thebes (during inundation pre-1962)
- Photos: Stela of Amenhotep III (old) vs. Statue of Deified Amenhotep III Rejuvenated
- Photo: Statue of Cult Image of Deified Amenhotep III (red quartzite), the "Dazzling Aten of All Lands" (Luxor Museum)
- Photos: Statues of Akhenaten and Nefertiti (Cairo Museum and Louvre)
- Photo: Carved Relief, Akhenaten and Nefertiti Offering Water Jars to the Aten, Followed by Daughter
- Photos: Depictions of the Goddess Ma'at, "Truth"
- Photo: Decorated Talatat-blocks from the Temple of the Aten at Karnak, disassembled and mixed
- Photo: Decorated Talatat-blocks from the Temple of the Aten at Karnak, reconstructed and assembled
- Photo: Decorated Talatat-blocks from the Temple of the Aten at Karnak: preparing food offerings, making beer
- Photo: Amarna Tablet no. 365: Letter of Biridiya, Prince of Megiddo, to the King of Egypt (expressing loyalty and cooperation)
- Photo: Statuette of King Tutankhamun as the God Nefertem (Cairo Museum)
- Photo: Wall Scene of Tutankhamun Enthroned Receiving Nubian Vassals (tomb of Huy)
- Drawing: Reconstruction of the Tombs of Horemheb, Maya and Tiya at Saqqara
NEW KINGDOM: DYNASTY 19
- Photo: Mummy of Ramesses II (Cairo Museum)
- Drawing: Reconstruction of the City of Thebes (from South), reign of Ramesses II
NEW KINGDOM: DYNASTY 20
- Map: Invasion routes of the Sea People through the Near East
- Photo: Medinet Habu Temple pylon
- Drawing: Egyptian land battle against the Sea People in Canaan
- Photo: Relief of Egyptian naval battle against Sea People (Medinet Habu)
- Drawing: Detail of Pelest Warriors (Philistines), Naval battle against the Sea People (Medinet Habu)
- Drawing: Relief of Egyptian naval battle against Sea People (Medinet Habu)
EGYPTIAN HISTORY: POST-NEW KINGDOM
- Photo: Stela of Shabako, Memphite Theology (British Museum)
- Photo: Ushabties of Kings Taharqa and Seti I (British Museum)
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