Instructions: Below are a series of articles and monographs on ancient Egyptian medical practice, medical magic, and human biology. Please print a copy of each as you need them. Many are in PDF-format. Click on each entry to open it in Acrobat, then print. To print some documents, it might be best to tell the Acrobat program to "fit the document to the page." Any documents scanned 2 pages to a sheet may need to be turned to landscape orientation to print clearly.

• Aldred, C. "A Possible Case of Amputation." Man 64 (1964): no. 58.

• Allen, J. P. "The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus." In The Art of Medicine in Ancient Egypt. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art and Yale University Press, 2005. Pp. 70-115.

• Amundsen, D. and Ferngren, G. "The Forensic Role of Physicians in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 52 (1978): 336-53.

• Armelagos, G. J. and Mills, J. O. "Palaeopathology as Science: The Contribution of Egyptology." In Biological Anthropology and the Study of Ancient Egypt, ed. W. V. Davies and R. Walker. London: British Museum Press, 1993. Pp, 1-18.

• Borghouts, J. F. Ancient Egyptian Magical Texts. Nisaba 9. Leiden: Brill, 1978. Spell 84, pp. 51-55.

• Brothwell, D. R. and Moeller-Christensen, V. "A Possible Case of Amputation Dated 2,000 B.C." Man 244 (1963): 192-194.

• Buikstra, J. E., B. J. Baker and D. C. Cook.. "What Diseases Plagued Ancient Egyptians: A Century of Controversy Considered." In Biological Anthropology and the Study of Ancient Egypt, ed. W. V. Davies and R. Walker. London: British Museum Press, 1993. Pp, 24-53.

• Dawson, W. "The Mouse in Egyptian and Later Medicine." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 10 (1924): 83-86.

• Estes, J. W. "The Swnw’s Medicines” and “A Postscript from a Modern Laboratory." Chap. in The Medical Skills of Ancient Egypt, rev. ed., 92-112, 65-71. Canton, MA: Science History Publications, 1993.

• Ghalioungui, P. "Early Specialization in Ancient Egyptian Medicine and Its Possible Relation to the Archetypal Image of the Human Organism." Medical History 13 (1969): 383-386.

• Ghalioungui, P. The Ebers Papyrus: A New English Translation, Commentaries and Glossaries. Cairo: Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, 1987.

• Ghalioungui, P. "The Causation of Disease." In The House of Life, Per Ankh: Medicine and Magic in Ancient Egypt. Amsterdam: B. M. Israel Boekhandel, 1973. Pp. 52-62. (A revision of Magic and Medical Science in Ancient Egypt. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1963. Reprinted New York, Barnes & Noble, 1965.)

• Ghalioungui, P. "Egyptian Physicians Abroad." Chapter-sections in The Physicians of Pharaonic Egypt. Deutsches Archaeologische Institut, Sonderschrift 10. Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1983. Pp. 76-80.

• Ghalioungui, P. "Medicine in Ancient Egypt." In An X-Ray Atlas of the Royal Mummies, ed. J. E. Harris and E. F. Wente, 52-98. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

• Ghalioungui, P. "The Structure of the Medical Profession and Its Evolution (A Summary)," and "Egyptian Physicians Abroad." Chapter-sections in The Physicians of Pharaonic Egypt. Deutsches Archaeologische Institut, Sonderschrift 10. Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1983. Pp. 87-97, 76-80.

• Ghalioungui, P., Khalil, S. and Ammar, A. R. "On an Ancient Egyptian Method of Diagnosing Pregnancy and Determining Foetal Sex." Medical History 7 (1963): 241-46.

• Harer, W. B. "Health in Pharaonic Egypt." In Biological Anthropology and the Study of Ancient Egypt, ed. W. V. Davies and R. Walker, 19-23. London: British Museum Press, 1993.

• Harer, W. B. "Pharmacological and Biological Properties of the Egyptian Lotus." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 22 (1985): 49-54.

• Harer, W. B. Review of The Medical Skills of Ancient Egypt, by J. Worth Estes, in Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 28 (1992): 229-231.

• Hawass, Z. et al. "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun’s Family." Journal of the American Medical Association On-line Edition 303/7 (February 17, 2010): 638-647 + "Supplementary Online Content to 'Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun’s Family,'" by Zahi Hawass et al. In Journal of the American Medical Association On-line Supplement, https://www.jama.ama-assn.org (accessed May 12, 2011).
  • "King Tutankhamun’s Family and Demise" = letters of reply and objection to Z. Hawass et al., "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun’s Family." Journal of the American Medical Association 303/24 (June 23/30, 2010): 2471-2475. In Journal of the American Medical Association On-line Supplement, https://www.jama.ama-assn.org (accessed May 12, 2011).

  • Markel, H. D. "King Tutankhamun, Modern Medical Science, and the Expanding Boundaries of Historical Inquiry." Editorial in Journal of the American Medical Association 303/7 (February 17, 2010): 667. In Journal of the American Medical Association On-line Edition, https://www.jama.ama-assn.org (accessed May 12, 2011).

• Iversen, E. Papyrus Carlsberg No. VIII with Some Remarks on the Egyptian Origin of Some Popular Birth Prognoses. Det Kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskab. Historisk-filologiske Meddelelser. Vol. 26, no. 5. København: E. Munksgaard, 1939.

• Leek, "Teeth and Bread in Ancient Egypt," Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 58 (1972): 126-32.

• Longrigg, J. "Early Alexandrian Medical Science." In Greek Rational Medicine: Philosophy and Medicine from Alcmaeon to the Alexandrians. London: Routledge, 1993.

• Manniche, L. "Some Aspects of Ancient Egyptian Sexual Life." Acta Orientalia 38 (1977): 11-23.

• Meinardus, O. "Mythological, Historical, and Sociological Aspects of the Practice of Female Circumcision among the Egyptians." Acta Ethnographica Academiae Scientarum Hungaricae, series 9, 16 (1967): 387-397.

• Mills, J. O. "Beyond Nutrition: Antibiotics Produced through Grain Storage Practices, Their Recognition and Implications for the Egyptian Predynastic." In The Followers of Horus: Studies Dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman 1944-1990, 27-36. Egyptian Studies Association Publication 2. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 1992.

• Messiha, K. "Ancient Egyptian Surgical Instruments." Bulletin of the Center of Papyrological Studies 3 (1986): 17-22.

• Milne, J. G. "The Sanatorium of Der-el-Bahri." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 1 (1914): 96-98.

• Pirsig, W. and F. Parsche. "Instruments for Transnasal Brain Removal during Embalming by the Ancient Egyptians." International Journal of Anthropology 6/1 (1991): 67-74.

• Riddle, J. M. "Egyptian Papyrus Sources." Chap. in Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance, 66-73. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992.

• Ritner, R. "Horus on the Crocodiles: A Juncture of Religion and Magic in Late Dynastic Egypt." In Religion and Philosophy in Ancient Egypt, by J. P. Allen, J. Assmann. A. B. Lloyd, R. K. Ritner and D. P. Silverman, 103-16. Yale Egyptological Studies 3. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

• Ritner, R. "Toward a Definition of Magic." Chapter in The Mechanics of Ancient Egyptian Magical Practice. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilizations 54. Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1993. Pp. 4-28, 54-57, 67-72

• Ritner, R. "A Uterine Amulet in the Oriental Institute Collection." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 43 (1984): 209-21.

• Ritner, R. K. Review of The Medical Skills of Ancient Egypt, by J. Worth Estes. In Society of Ancient Medicine Newsletter 18 (1990): 18.

• Stevens, J. M. "Gynaecology from Ancient Egypt: The Papyrus Kahun: A Translation of the Oldest Treatise on Gynaecology that has Survived the Ancient World." The Medical Journal of Australia 21 (December 1975): 949-52.

• Van Houten, T. "The Edwin Smith Papyrus: I. The Surgical Management of Injuries." MASCA Journal 1/4 (1980): 99-101.

• Van Houten, T. "The Edwin Smith Papyrus: II. Surgical Management in Cases of Uncertain or Dubious Prognosis." MASCA Journal 1/6 (1980): 182-184.

• Walker, J. "The Place of Magic in the Practice of Medicine in Ancient Egypt." Bulletin of the Australian Center of Egyptology 1 (1990): 85-95.

• Weeks, K. "Ancient Egyptian Dentistry." In An X-Ray Atlas of the Royal Mummies, ed. J. E. Harris and E. F. Wente, 99-121. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980..