1. Satellite Map: North Africa, the Sahara and Nile Basin
2. Map: The Nile River Basin (sources of the Nile inundation)
3. Map: The Nile Basin
4. Map: Comparative Area Nile River and the United States
5. Map: Nile Valley: Egypt and Nubia & arable lands, NATGEO (color)
6. Map: Second Intermediate Period Political Kingdoms along the Nile River

7. Map of Egypt (color)
8. Map: Egyptian Empire, New Kingdom
9. Map of Egypt (black & white--for printing)
10. Reconstruction: Egyptian world view looking North to South (color)
11. Reconstruction: Egyptian world view looking North to South--with Egyptian place names (color)
12. Map: Invasion routes of the Sea People through the Near East
13. Map of Modern Egypt (CIA)

14. Map: The nomes of Upper and Lower Egypt (complete) Nome boundaries conjectured and standardized.
15. Map: The nomes of the Delta (Lower Egypt) Exact nome boundaries are conjectured.
16. Map: The nomes of the Upper Egypt (color) Exact nome boundaries are conjectured and stand (missing: 1st nome and 22nd nome).
17. Map: Pyramid-temple estates of King Snefru Locations of estates (pious foundations) throughout the country in relation to the pyramid and temple at Dahshur

18. Map: Nile Delta: Cities and 7 Branches of the Ancient Nile River
19. Map: Nile Delta: Ancient Coastline during the Old Kingdom
20. Map: Nile Delta, Middle Kingdom, Line of Border Forts ("Walls of the Ruler")
21. Plan: Aswan High and Low Dams and Lake
22. Map: Aswan Low Dam, Lake and Island of Philae

MAPS OF NUBIA AND KUSH

1. Map: Modern Sudan (pre-Breakup)
2. Map: Modern South Sudan
3. Map: Nubia (color, reduced)
4. Map: Nubia (B/W with desert tracks)

5. Map: Modern Nubia
6. Map: Nile River in Nubia (Reaches)
7. Map: Major Modern Dam Projects in Nubia and Sudan

8. Map: Modern Nubian Tribes

9. Map: A-Group Domain, Lower Nubia
10. Map: A-Group Individual Sites

11. Map: Eastern Mediterranean, Egypt, Kush and Punt
12. Map: Nubia, Old Kingdom (journeys of Harkhuf, Heqaib, etc.)
13. Map: Nubia and Upper Egypt, Middle Kingdom
14. Map: Lower Nubia and Egypt, Second Intermediate Period

15. Map: Second Cataract, Mirgissa, Dabenarti, and Boat Slipway
16. Map: New Kingdom Remains and Forts, Old thru New Kingdoms
17. Map: Forts of the Middle Kingdom: Faras through the Second Cataract Region
18. Map: Second Cataract Region: The Forts of Amenemhat I
19. Map: Second Cataract Region: The Forts of Sesostris III

SATELLITE AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE NILE VALLEY, NUBIA AND EGYPT

1. Photo: Views of the Nile Delta, Egypt, from Space
2. Satellite Photo: Aswan High and Low Dam Complex
3. Aerial Photo: Gate of Semna, Second Cataract (Semna and Kumma Forts)
4. Satellite Photo: Nile River, Fourth Cataract, 2009
5. Satellite Photo: Nile River, Fourth Cataract Flooded (Meroway Dam), 2013

HISTORIOGRAPHY AND METHODS

1. Chart: Sources, Methods and Disciplines in Egyptian and Nubian Studies
2. Drawing: Profile of Nine Levels of Troy--Archaeological Stratigraphy
3. Chart: Nomenclature of Ancient Nubians and their Lands (selection)
4. Drawing: Palermo Stone (recto), Transcription of Annals

LAND AND ENVIRONMENT: EGYPT

1. Drawing: Phases of the Sahara Desert, 120,000 BC to Present (color)
2. Drawing: Topographical Cross-section of the Nile Valley, Upper Egypt

3. Photo: Partially Collapsed Pyramid of Medum (and the Edge of the Cultivation)
4. Photo: Panorama of West Bank of Thebes
5. Photo: Middle Egypt Lush Oasis

6. Plan and Section: Nile Flood Plain, 1500 B.C. (color)
7. Animation: Nile Flood Plain Inundation Sequence (P. Piccione)
8. Animation: Basin System at Work (Schematic) (P. Piccione)
9. Aerial Photo: Nile Inundation at Giza
10. Photo: White Chapel of Sesostris I, Karnak Temple
11. Photo and Text: White Chapel of Sesostris I and Text of Ideal the Nile inundation
12. Photo: Nile Inundation near Giza Pyramids
13. Aerial Photo: Nile Inundation at Dahshur (with island-village)
14. Photo: Modern Irrigation Canal, Western Thebes (Qurnah)
15. Photo: Colossi of Memnon during Inundation, Western Thebes (Qurnah)

16. Photo: Riverbank Village, Nile Levee, Upper Egypt
17. Photo: Riparian Lands and Fields, High Water (Summer),
18. Photo: Nile River, Low Water in Winter (Upper Egypt, facing northwest)
19. Photo and Drawing: Comparison of Ancient and Modern shadufs, AD 1890 and Tomb of Ipuy (14th century BC)

LAND AND ENVIRONMENT: NUBIA

1. Animation: Qasr Ibrim (Premmis) Yesterday and Today [the Nile and depths of Lake Nasser] (click image to activate)
2. Drawing: Schematic Profile of Elevations -- the Nile Valley from Khartoum to Aswan (color)
3. Photo: The Nile River through Nubia
4. Photo: Receding River and Riparian Land in Nubia
5. Photo: Nauri, View of Landscape and Outcrop of Rock, the Nauri Stela

FIRST CATARACT, ELEPHANTINE, ASWAN AND THE DAMS

1. Photo: Nile River, First Cataract, South of Aswan (color)
2. Photo: Nile River, First Cataract, Rocky (color)
3. Photo: Nile River, First Cataract, Rocky (color)
4. Photo: First Cataract at Low Water (January-February, 1926)
5. Photo: Building the First Aswan Low Dam (1898-1902)
6. Photo: Second Aswan Low Dam (1912)
7. Photo: Aerial View of Aswan Low Dam and First Cataract (from bi-plane, ca. 1920)
8. Photo: Aswan Low Dam, 1936-present, south face (color)
9. Photo: Aswan Low Dam, 1936-present, north face (color)

10. Plan: Aswan High and Low Dams and Lake
11. Map: Aswan Low Dam, Lake and Island of Philae
12. Photo: Old Philae (pre-flood) Temple of Isis from top of Biga Island, southwest
13. Photo: Old Philae (pre-flood) from Biga
14. Photo: Old Philae (pre-flood) Temple of Isis from Biga Island, west
15. Photo: Old Philae, (unflooded) view from top of first pylon to south, colonnade and river
16. Photo: Old Philae, flooding island and temple from Biga Island, west
17. Photo: Old Philae, island and temple flooding, from west, Biga Island, west
18. Photo: Old Philae, first pylon, flooding
19. Photo: Old Philae, fully sunken island and temple, from east
20. Photo: Old Philae, sunken second pylon, east tower and doorway
21. Photo: Old Philae, sunken first pylon, east tower, kiosk of Caesar Augustus (formerly Trajan)
22. Photo: Old Philae, flooding temple from southeast, kiosk of Caesar Augustus (formerly Trajan)
23. Photo: Old Philae, flooding courtyard, view south from first pylon doorway
24. Photo: Old Philae, sunken second pylon
25. Photo: Old Philae, sunken second pylon (west tower) and mammisi architrave
26. Photo: Old Philae, Sunken First and Second Pylons and Mammisi, from west
27. Photo: Philae (new), First Pylon, cleaned and restored

SECOND CATARACT REGION

1. Panoramic Photo: Nile River, Second Cataract, AD 1890 (colorized)
2. Aerial Photo: Gate of Semna, Second Cataract (Semna and Kumma Forts)
3. Photo & Map: "The Gate of Semna" (1898)
4. Drawing: Hauling Boats over the Second Cataract, Illustrated London News, 1884
5. Drawing: Hauling Boats over the Rapids of the Second Cataract, Geographical Journal, 1884
6. Video: Re-enactment of Towing boats through the Second Cataract (feature film, "Four Feathers" [1940]--YouTube)
7. Photo: Second Cataract and Mirgissa Fort from Abusir Rock (1894)

THIRD CATARACT REGION

1. Photo: Third Cataract Region
2. Photo: Third Cataract, Tombos

FOURTH CATARACT REGION (NURI, EL-KURRU, GEBEL BARKAL)

1. Satellite Photo: Nile River, Fourth Cataract, 2009
2. Satellite Photo: Nile River, Fourth Cataract Flooded (Meroway Dam), 2013
3. Photo: Nile River, Fourth Cataract, prior to flooding
4. Photo: Meroway Dam, Fourth Cataract, 2013

LANGUAGE AND WRITING

1. Chart: Afro-Asiatic Languages
2. Map: Distribution of Afro-Asiatic Languages
3. Last Egyptian Hieroglyphs: Invocation to Merwel (Mandulis), Temple of Philae

EGYPT: PREDYNASTIC AND ARCHAIC PERIODS

1. Drawing: Ivory Knife-handle, Gebel el-Arak, Egypt. Mesopotamian motives: master of animals (= Sumerian en) and preying animals, and Mesopotamian-like ships with upraised prows and sterns
2. Drawing: Ivory Knife-handle, Gebel el-Tarif, Egypt. Mesopotamian motives: entwined serpents, rosettes, winged griffin, and preying animals

3. Drawing: Scorpion Macehead, Hierakonpolis. Relief depicting King Scorpion of Hierakonpolis in the ritual of cutting open a dike or canal; dead rekhyt-birds on standards represent defeated people of the Delta-region.
4. Drawing: Narmer Palette, Hierakonpolis. Left side depicts Narmer as King of Upper Egypt performing the ritual execution of a Lower Egyptian captive. The right side depicts him as King of Lower Egypt inspecting ten decapitated corpses.
5. Photo: Ivory Label of Horus Aha Menes. Label from Naqada: Horus Aha-Nebty Men = Menes
6. Drawing: Reconstruction of mastaba of King Djet, Saqqara, Dynasty 1

7. Photo: Funerary Enclosure of Khasekhem, Hierakonpolis, Dynasty 2
8. Photo: Funerary Enclosure of Khasekhem, Hierakonpolis, detail of niched-brick panelled facade
9. Photo: Funerary Enclosure of Khasekhem, Abydos, Dynasty 2
10. Photo: Boat-graves of Khasekhemwy, Abydos, Dynasty 2
11. Drawing: Reconstruction of mastaba of Queen Merneit, Saqqara, Dynasty 1

EGYPT: OLD KINGDOM AND 1ST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD

1. Photo: Step Pyramid Complex of Djoser, enclosure wall and main entrance
2. Drawing: Section of Step Pyramid of King Djoser, Saqqara, Dynasty 3: detailing five phases in building program leading from mastaba to step pyramid
3. Photo: Pyramid of Huni at Medum
4. Drawing: Section of Pyramid of Huni at Medum, Dynasty 3-4: detailing alteration from step pyramid to true pyramid
5. Photo: Bent Pyramid of Snefru at Dahshur, Dynasty 4
6. Photo: Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) at Giza (photo by Francis Frith)
7. Composite Aerial Photo: Comparison of Khufu's Great Pyramid and College of Charleston campus
8. Photo: Giza, Pyramids of Khufu's Queens and Boat-graves
9. Photo: Giza, mastabas of the Old Kingdom, "City of the Dead"
10. Photo: Giza, Pyramid of Khafre and mortuary temple (from top of Khufu's pyramid)

EGYPT: MIDDLE KINGDOM AND 2ND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD

1. Photo: Statue of Deified King Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II (Deir el-Bahari temple and tomb)
2. Photo: Theban Tomb, Cache of Soldiers Skeletons, Dynasty 11
3. Photo: Detail, Soldiers Skeletons and Weapons
4. Photo: Model of Nubian Archers Marching (Madjay (Cairo Museum)

5. Map: All Forts of the Middle Kingdom, Faras through the Second Cataract
6. Map: Nubia, The Forts of Amenemhat I
7. Map: Nubia, The Forts of Sesostris III

8. Photo: Statue of King Amenemhat I (Karnak temple)
9. Photo: Statue of Sesostris I (MMA-New York)
10. Photo: Statuary of Sesostris III

11. Plan: Fort of Buhen, Outer Walls and Citadel (link to CofC overlay)
12. Overlay-Aerial Photo: Comparison of Buhen Fort and College of Charleston campus
13. Plan: Fort of Buhen (Detail: Barbican and Citadel)
14. Overlay-Aerial Photo: Comparison of Buhen (Barbican and Citadel) and College of Charleston campus
15. Photo: 3-Dimensional Reconstruction Buhen from the East (river)
16. Photo: Nubia, Ruins of Fort of Buhen (colorized)
17. Composite Photos: Fort of Buhen (color)

18. Map: Second Cataract, Mirgissa, Dabenarti, and Boat Slipway
19. Photo: Boat Slipway at Mirgissa under excavation (B/W wide view)
20. Photo: Boat Slipway at Mirgissa (color)
21. Photo: Boat Slipway detail, wood ties (sleepers) and ancient footprint
22. Drawing: Boat Slipway, Archaeological Section and Profile (after Vercoutter)
23. Photo: Second Cataract and Mirgissa Fort from Abusir Rock (1894)
24. Plan: Fort of Mirgissa (after Vercoutter)
25. Photo: Mirgissa Fort, Bastion

26. Drawing: Plan and Reconstruction, Fort of Shalfak (B/W)
27. Photo: Ruins of Shalfak from the East (1962)

28. Aerial Photo: Gate of Semna, Second Cataract (Semna and Kumma Forts)
29. Map: Semna and Kumma Forts (color)
30. Photo & Sketch: "The Gate of Semna" (1898)
31. Photo: View of Semna and Kumma from South (1898)
32. Photo: View of Semna across to Kumma from West (1898)
33. Photo: View of Kumma from West Bank (1898)

34. Map: Second Intermediate Period Political Kingdoms along the Nile River
35. Photo: head of the mummy of King Seqenenre Tao II (Thebes, Dyn. 17)
36. Photo: Second Stela of Kamose (Dyn. 17)

EGYPT: NEW KINGDOM AND EMPIRE

1. Map: Egyptian Empire, New Kingdom
2. Photo: Statue of Amenhotep I
3. Photo: Statue of Thutmose I
4. Photo: Statue of Queen Hatshepsut
5. Photo: Statue of Thutmose III
6. Photo: Statue of Amenhotep II
7. Photos: Statues of Akhenaten and Nefertiti
8. Photo: Stela of Akhenaten, Nefertiti and Daughters

9. Plan: Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak
10. Drawing: Reconstruction of Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak (color)
11. Photo: First Pylon-gateway of the Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak
12. Photo: Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak from above First Court
13. Photo: Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak from Sacred Lake

14. Photo: Statue of Ramesses III (b/w)

EGYPT: POST-NEW KINGDOM

NUBIA: PREHISTORIC AND NEOLITHIC THRU A-GROUP

1. Photo: Nabta Playa Astronomical Observatory, Calendar Ring (c. 4500-3600 BC)
2. Photo: Nabta Playa Astronomical Observatory (c. 4500-3600 BC)
3. Plan: Nabta Playa Calendar Ring and Lines of Sight (c. 4500-3600 BC)

4. Map: A-Group Domain, Lower Nubia
5. Map: A-Group Individual Sites
6. Link: Oriental Institute Museum, Display of A-Group Objects
7. Drawing: Qustul Incense Burner, side and top (Cemetery L 24 [1])
8. Photo/Drawing: Qustul Incense Burner (Cemetery L 24 [1])
9. Drawing: "Archaic Horus" Incense Burner, Qustul (Cemetery L 11 [25])
10. Link: Oriental Institute Museum, Qustul Incense Burner (explanation)
11. Drawing: Gebel Sheikh Suleiman Inscription: Nn Egyptian Victory over Nubia or A-Group Victory over Hierakonpolis?

NUBIA: ARCHAIC PERIOD AND OLD KINGDOM

1. Map: Eastern Mediterranean, Egypt, Kush and Punt
2. Map: Nubia, Old Kingdom (journeys of Harkhuf, Heqaib, etc.)
3. Drawing: Gebel Sheikh Suleiman Inscription: Nn Egyptian Victory over Nubia or A-Group Victory over Hierakonpolis?

NUBIA: C-GROUP AND KINGDOM OF KUSH - KERMA (EARLY, MIDDLE, CLASSIC)

1. Map: Nubia and Upper Egypt, Middle Kingdom
2. Map: Second Intermediate Period Political Kingdoms along the Nile River
3. Map: Lower Nubia and Egypt, Second Intermediate Period

4. Map: Extent of the Kerma Culture Sites around City of Kerma
5. Link: Oriental Institute Museum, C-Group/Pan Grave/Kerma Objects
6. Link: Oriental Institute Museum, C-Group Culture
7. Link: Oriental Institute Museum, Pan-Grave Culture: The Medjay
8. Photo: Model of Nubian Archers Marching (Madjay (Cairo Museum)

9. Plan: Kerma City (Bonnet)
10. Plan: Kerma, Kushite Town (Bonnet)
11. Photo: Kerma, Kushite Architectural Remains
12. Photo: Kerma, Western Defuffa
13. Plan: Kerma, W. Defuffa
14. Photo/Drawing: Kerma, Royal Tumulus, reconstruction and excavated view
15. Photo: Kerma, Nubian Bed Burial (typical)
16. Map: Second Intermediate Period Political Kingdoms along the Nile River

NUBIA: NEW KINGDOM AND PRINCEDOM OF TEH-KHET

1. Map: New Kingdom Remains and Forts, Old thru New Kingdoms
2. Video: Kurgus, Haggar el-Merwa (Miw), Boundary Stelae of Thutmose I and Thutmose III

3. Temple of Amada dedicated to Amun-Re and Re-Horakhty; built by Thutmose III, decorated by Amenhotep II; reworked by Thutmose IV, reinscribed by Seti I

4. Temple of Abu Simbel, Lower Nubia prior to Lake Nasser (Inundation season). Date: Dyn. 19; built by Ramesses II to Amun-Re, Re-Horakhy, Ptah and Ramesses II
5. Temple of Abu Simbel, Lower Nubia, main temple facade
6. Temple of Abu Simbel, Lower Nubia, main temple, moving the temple and statues to high ground

7. Photo: Wall painting, Tomb of Huy: Procession of Egyptianized Nubians bringing tribute to King Tutankhamun
8. Photo: Wall painting, Tomb of Huy: Nubian Prince and sons bringing tribute to King Tutankhamun
9. Photo: Wall painting, Tomb of Huy: Detail: Egyptianized Nubians, "Children of the Rulers of All (Southern) Lands" (various shades of brown to denote different ethnicities)
10. Photo: Wall painting, Tomb of Huy: Detail: Egyptianized Nubian Princess in chariot pulled by 2 oxen.

11. Photo: Decorated Box of Tutankhamun, Battle against Nubian bowmen. The fan-bearers behind the king include an Egyptian, Nubian, and Asiatic. Inscription: "The good god, image of Re, who appears (in battle) in foreign lands, just like the rising of Ra, he wiping away this land of vile Kush; shooting his arrows at the enemies."
12. Photo: Tutankhamun Walking Stick Handle, Bound Nubian Captive. An example of sympathetic magic: as the king holds the handle, so he holds Nubians and Nubia bound in his grasp.

13. Photo: Medinet Habu Palace: Ceramic Wall Inlays, Depictions of Foreign Enemies: Libyan, Nubian, and Asiatics
14. Photo: Medinet Habu Palace: Ceramic Wall Inlays, Depictions of Foreign Enemies: Nubians (2), Asiatics (2), Libyans (2)

15. Photo: Nauri, Upper Nubia, Stela of Seti I
16. Drawing, Nauri Decree Stela of Seti I
17. Photo: Nauri Stela Lunette: Sety I presents ma'at to the gods.
18. Drawing: Nauri Stela Detail, Lunette: Sety I presents ma'at to Amun-Re, Re-Horakhty, and Ptah-Neferher.

NUBIA: KINGDOM OF KUSH - NAPATA AND MEROE (DYNASTY 25 AND LATER)

1. Drawing: Tableau of Queen Katimala at Semna (Dyn. 21-22 [after Darnell]
2. Photo: el-Kurru, Pyramid of Piye and descending corridor (Dyn. 25)
3. Painting: Reconstruction of Jebel Barkal Complex, Napatan Period
4. Photo: Jebel Barkal, the "Pure Mountain", temple and palace at base
5. Photo: High-sloped Pyramid Above Tomb of Sennedjem, Deir el-Medinah, Dyn. 19 (view retored of pyramids on other tombs)
6. Photo: High-sloped Royal Pyramids of Meroë
7. Photo: Temple of Dendur, Lower Nubia, in situ prior to Lake Nasser. Date: Roman and Meroitic; built under Caesar Augustus, dedicated to Isis and Osiris, later to Padiese and Pahor
8. Photo: Temple of Dendur rebuilt in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
9. Photo: Temple of Debod, Lower Nubia in situ prior to Lake Nasser. Date: early 2nd century BC; built by King Adikhalamani to Amun-Ra; enlarged by Ptolemy VI-VIII for Isis of Philae
10. Photo: Temple of Debod rebuilt in the Parque del Oeste, Madrid

11. Photo: Ruins of Qasr Ibrim (1962)
12. Photo: Qasr Ibrim from the West (1890, colorized)

NUBIA: LEGACY, PEOPLE AND CULTURE

1. Photo: Amarar warrior ("Fuzzy Wuzzy") of the Bedja (Medja) with sword and elephant-hide shield (from Cooper, Nat. Geog., 1929)
2. Photo: Group of Amarar warriors ("Fuzzy Wuzzies") of the Bedja (Medja) with swords and elephant-hide shields, dressed for battle (from Cooper, Nat. Geog., 1929)
3. Photo: Nazir (chief) of Messeria Tribe of River Arabs with swords, chain mail and rifles (from Cooper, Nat. Geog., 1929)