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Sample exam questions |
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Homeostasis |
Bowman's capsule |
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Osmotic balance |
Proximal and distal convoluted tubules |
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Negative vs. positive feedback |
Ascending and descending limbs of loop of Henle |
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Constriction vs. dilation of vessel |
Collecting duct |
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Evaporative cooling |
Afferent vs efferent renal artery |
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Ammonia, Urea, Uric acid |
Renal vein |
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Osmoregulation |
Glomerulus |
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Osmoconformer vs. osmoregulator |
Filtration |
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Kidney |
Secretion vs. reabsorption |
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Cortex, medulla, pelvis |
Hormone |
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Ureter, bladder |
Target organ |
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Nephron |
Endocrine vs exocrine glands |
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Cortical vs. juxtamedullary |
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Discuss the different problems of living in salt water vs. fresh water vs. the terrestrial environment? How do animals maintain constant internal environments under these conditions?
Why would reptiles and birds excrete the large, nontoxic molecule uric acid, when it is cheaper energetically to excrete the more toxic urea like mammals do (hint: think about the different methods of reproduction - oviparous vs. viviparous)?