The first edition of all available articles and pamphlets by Bachman have been made available online as pdf files, and each one is linked separately to the corresponding title in the following list. Entries are arranged in chronological order by the initial date of publication, and reprints are listed together with the initial publications. 

1830-1836--On 23 Apr. 1862 Bachman wrote, “the old numbers of the Southern Agriculturalist from 1830 to ’36, frequently under the editorial heads, the Farmers’ Register, published by Ruffin, the agricultural papers published at Columbia and Augusta, down to the two recent papers published in the Charleston Courier, over the signature of “Curtius,” will testify the deep interest I have felt for the success of the planter and manufacturer, and for the prosperity of our beloved land.I will just add here that I have invariably declined all compensation, and never received a dollar for the literary labors of a long life” (cf. 1862B). The 1888 biography of Bachman stated that he made “contributions in the Southern Agricultural Journal, published as editorials, from 1835 to 1840.”(Bachman 1888: 435.)This publication was evidently the Southern Agriculturalist, and Register of Rural Affairs; Adapted to the Southern Section of the United States(see 1833A1 and 1833B2).

1831A.The Funeral Discourse of the Rev. J. G. Schwartz.Delivered September 11, 

1831.Charleston:James S. Burges.23 pp.[1]

1831B. "Mr Audubon."City gazette and commercial daily advertiser 18 Oct.1831.

Unsigned; attributed to Bachman by Shuler 1995:7.[2]

1832.“This distinguished naturalist...."The Courier 6 Jun. 1832.An untitled article on Audubon signed “C”; attributed to Bachman by Shuler (Papers, College of Charleston) on the basis of persuasive internal evidence.[3]

1833A1."A Successful Method of Raising Ducks; by Experimenter."Charleston, February, 1832. Southern Agriculturalist, and Register of Rural Affairs; Adapted to the Southern Section of the United States 6 (Mar. 1833):130-137. The Library of Congress copy is annotated “By Revd. Mr. Bachman”; microfilm edition of the journal.Reprinted as 1833A2.[4]

1833A2."A successful method of raising ducks by 'Experimenter.'Charleston, February 1833.”Farmer’s register 1 (1833):356-359.Subtitled “From the Southern Agriculturist”; reprinted from no. 1833A1.Identified as by Bachman in Ruffin, 1957:93.[4a]

1833B1.An Address Delivered Before the Horticultural Society of Charleston at the 

Anniversary Meeting, July 10th, 1833.Published by request of the Society.Charleston:A. E. Miller.30 pp.Evidently issued first as a pamphlet and then the same type was reused for 1833B2.[5]

1833B2."An address delivered before the Horticultural Society of Charleston at the anniversary meeting, July 10th, 1833."Southern Agriculturalist, and Register of Rural Affairs; Adapted to the Southern Section of the United States 6 (Aug. 1833):393-410 and (Sept. 1833):449-460.The same printer (Miller) appears to have later reused the text of this pamphlet in journal (as he is definitely known to have done with a later publication:1834B1 and 1834B2).[5a]

1834A1.An Account of Some Experiments Made on the Habits of the Vultures Inhabiting Carolina, the Turkey Buzzard, and the Carion Crow, Particularly as It Regards the Extraordinary Powers of Smelling, Usually Attributed to Them.Charleston:John Bachman.16 pp.Title from offprint; publisher and place cited by Shuler, 1995:220.The experiments were taken to confirm experiments by Audubon.[6]

1834A2."Retrospective Criticism.Remarks in Defence of [“Mr. Audubon”] the Author of 'the [“Biography of the”] Birds ofAmerica'", by the Rev. John Bachman, Charleston, South Carolina.Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology and Meteorology 7 (1834):164-175.Reprinted twice as 1834A3 and 1834A4. Based largely on no. 1834A1.[8]

1834A3."Remarks in Defence of the Author of the 'Birds of America.'" By the Rev. John Bachman, Charleston, South Carolina.Read before the Boston Society of Natural History, Feb. 5, 1834.Boston Society of Natural History, journal 1, no. 1 (1834):15-31.

Reprint of 1834A2.[7]

1834A4."The Vulture."Scientific Tracts and Family Lyceum, n. s., 1, no. 6 (March 15, 1834):165-176. Reprint of 1843A2.

1834B1.Catalogue of Phænogamous Plants and Ferns, Native or Naturalized, Found Growing in the Vicinity of Charleston, South-Carolina.Charleston:A. E. Miller.15 pp.

This pamphlet is dated 1834, and in 1835 the type used to print it was reused to print no. 1834B2.Bachman listed approximately 1070 species of plants.[9]

1834B2."Catalogue of Phænogamous Plants, and Ferns Native or Naturalized Found Growing in the Vicinity of Charleston, (S. C.)."Southern agriculturist and register of rural affairs; adapted to the southern section of the United States 8 (Apr. 1835):189-196 and (Jun. 1835): 286-291. Reprinted in the following year using the same type as 1843B1.[9a]

1835."Defense of Audubon."Bucks County intelligencer. Cited with two paragraphs quoted in Bachman 1888:98 and 99.Not otherwise seen.

1835--see 1834B
 

1836A1."On the Migration of the Birds of North America. Read before the Literary and Philosophical Society of Charleston, (S. C.), March 15th, 1833; by Rev. J. Bachman."[Silliman’s] American Journal of Science and Arts 30 (Jul. 1836):81-100. Reprinted in 1837 as 1836A2.A manuscript version is in the Thomas Cooper Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia.[10]

1836A2.Sur les Migrations des Oiseau de l’Amérique du Nord.Bibliothèque Universelle de Genève, 7 n. s. (1837), pp. 204-208. Cited by Bost 1963:525.Translation of the 1836 English version listed as 1836A1.[17]

1836B1."On the Habits of Insects."Southern Literary Journal 2 (Aug. 1836):409-427.

Partly reprinted in 1845 as 1836B2 and 1858 as 1836B3.[11]

1836B2."The Morals of Entomology."In [William Gilmore Simms, ed.], The Charleston Book:a Miscellany in Prose and Verse (1845), pp. 30-40.Charleston:Samuel Hart, Sen.Reprinted from 1836B1 and used for the 1858 reprint listed below as 1836B3.Bachman’s manuscript notes are in the Huntington Library, San Marino, California (Stephens 2003:168, n. 38).[35]

1836B3."The Insect world.Morals of entomology, etc.”[De Bow’s] Commercial
Review of the South and West, 2nd n. s., 1, no. 4 (Oct. 1858):430-435.Reprinted except for minor changes from the 1845 imprint listed as 1836B2.[63]

1837A."Description of a New Species of Hare Found in South Carolina."Journal of the academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 7, part 2 (1837):194-199 and pls. 15 and 16.The new species was the Swamp Hare, Lepus palustris; renamed Marsh rabbit, Sylvilagus palustris.[12]

1837B."Observations, on the Different Species of Hares (Genus Lepus) Inhabiting the United States and Canada."Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 7, part 2 (1837):282-361 with pls. 21 and 22.Bachman described eight species, at least four of which were new:

Polar Hare, Lepis glacialis, Leach; renamed Artic Hare, Lepus arcticus arcticus 

Ross;

Northern Hare, Lepus Virginianus; however, it had been previously named Lepus 

Americanu, Erxlebein (see 1837D);

Swamp Hare, Lepus aquaticus Bachman;type description; renamed Swamp

Rabbit, Sylvilagus aquaticus Bachman);

American Hare or Common Gray Rabbit, Lepus Americanus;also known as the

Snowshoe hare; Bachman later proposed Lepus sylvaticus (see 1837D),

but it was renamed Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus Thomas; Marsh Hare, Lepus palustris Bachman;type description; renamed Marsh Rabbit, Sylvilagus 

palustris palustris Bachman;

Nuttall’s Little Hare, Lepus Nuttalli Bachman; type description; renamed Nuttall’s

Cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii nuttallii; Bachman;

Prairie Hare, Lepus campestris Bachman;type description; and

Little Chief Hare, Legomysprinceps Richardson; renamed Ochotona princeps

princeps Richardson.

These species occupied largely separate areas except for the American Hare, which had been reported throughout the United States.Bachman summarized the distinguishing features of all eight types in a conclusion.Three accompanying illustration are of the species glacialis, Nuttallii, and aquaticus.[13]

1837C1."Some Remarks on the Genus Sorex [Shrews], with a Monograph of the North American Species."Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 7, part 2 (1837):362-402 and pls. 23 and 24.Bachman gave scientific descriptions of 13 species of shrews, at least eight of which were described for the first time. This genus had been neglected because of their small size, nocturnal habits, and underground nests.The species described are:

Carolina Shrew, Sorex Carolinensis Bachman; type description; renamed Short-tailed Shrew, Blarina brevicauda 

carolinensis Bachman;

Long-nosed Shrew, Sorex longirostris Bachman; type description; renamed Southeastern Shrew, Sorex lonirostris 

longirostris Bachman;

Cinereous Shrew, Sorex cineres Bachman; type description;

Dekay’s Shrew, Sorex Dekayi; type description?Bachman credits Cooper with

supplying the specimen, identifying it as a separate species, and naming it; reclassified as a subspecies of the Short-tailed Shrew, Blarina brevicauda;

Sorex brevicaudus;

Richardson’s Shrew, Sorex Richardsonii; type description;

Foster’s Shrew, Sorex Fosteri;

Cooper’s Shrew, Sorex Cooperi;

Fringe-footed Shrew, Sorex fimbripes Bachman; type description;

Small Shrew, Sorex parvus Say; renamed Cryptotis parva parva Say;

American Marsh Shrew, Sorex palustris palustris Richardson;

Sorex talpoide Bachman; type description; and

Sorex personatus; type description;.

Reprint in 1841-44 listed as 1837C2.[14]

1837C2.[Some Remarks of the Genus Sorex, with a Monograph of the North American Species].Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. I (1841-44), pp. 40-41.Reprinted from 1837C1.Cited by Bost 1963:526.

1837D."Additional note on the Genus Lepus."Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 7, part 2 (1837):403.Bachman learned that Lepus Americanus had been previously the hareHarlan had named Lepus Virginianus.

Moreover, since the name Lepus Americanus had been used, Bachman proposed renaming the American Hare or Common Gray Rabbit, Lepus sylvaticus.[15]

1837E1.A Sermon on the Doctrine and Discipline of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, Preached at Charleston, S. C. November 12th, 1837, by Appointment of the Synod of South-Carolina, and Adjacent States.Charleston:J. S. Burges.37 pp.Church, Preached at Charleston, S. C. November 12th, 1837, by Appointment of the Synod of South-Carolina, and Adjacent States.”Reprinted as 1837E2.[16]

1837E2."A Sermon on the Doctrines and Discipline of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, Preached at Charleston, S. C., November 12th, 1837, by Appointment of the Synod of South Carolina and Adjacent States."[Reprinted within an article entitled] "Letters on the Catholic Doctrine of Transubstantiation, and on Protestant Errors Concerning the Holy Eucharist addressed to Rev. John Bachman, D. D."Works of the Right Rev. John England, first Bishop of Charleston ed. by the Right Rev. Ignatius Aloysius Reynolds (Baltimore:John Murphy & Co., 1849; 5 vols.), v. 1, pp. 347-474 (with the sermon reprinted on pp. 348-358).Reprinted from 1837E1.[16a]

1838A1."Monograph of the Species of Squirrel Inhabiting North America."Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Part IV (1836): 85-130. Read 14 August 1838.London:R. and J. E. Taylor.Bachman described 14 species of North American squirrels, five of which were new species, and he referred to three other species:

Fox Squirrel, Sciurus capistratus Bosc.; previously named Scirus niger niger Linnaeus;

Texian Squirrel, Sciurus Texianus Bachman; type description;

Golden-bellied Squirrel, Sciurus subauratus Audubon and Bachman; type description; renamed Fox Squirrel, Sciurus

niger subauratus Bachman;

Californian Squirrel, Red-bellied Squirrel; Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster F. Cuvier;

Cat Squirrel, Sciurus cinereus Linn. Gmel.; actually the same as Fox Squirrel, Sciurus niger niger Linnaeus;

Northern Gray Squirrel, Sciurus leucotis;

Little Carolina Gray Squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis carolinensis Gmelin;

Black Squirrel, Sciurus niger Linnaeus; renamed Eastern Gray Squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis pennsylvanicus Ord;

Larger Louisiana Black Squirrel, Sciurus Auduboni Bachman; type description; actually a black variety of the Fox Squirrel,

Sciurus niger subauratus Bachman;

Sooty Squirrel, Sciurus fulignosus; type description; illustrated, but not described in the Quadrupeds;

Douglass Squirrel or Oppoce-ooce, Indian name for Sciurus Douglasii Bachman; type description; renamed Tamiasciurus 

douglasii douglasii Bachman;

Chickaree Hudson’s Bay Squirrel, Sciurus Hudsonius Pennant; previously named Tamiasiurus hudsonicus hudsonicus 

Erxleben;

Columbia Pine Squirrel, Sciurus Richardsoni Bachman; type description; renamed Red Squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus 

richardsoni Bachman;

Downy Squirrel, Sciurus langinosus Bachman; type description; renamed Red Squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus 

lanuginosus Bachman.

Bachman also mentioned three additional species that had been previously described:Sciurus magnicaudatus or macrourus, Sciurus Colliæi, and Sciurus nigrescens by others).Audubon supplied Bachman with specimens of three new species of squirrels and a lengthy description of one that Bachman read into the record.Following Bachman’s presentation, Waterhouse described and named a new species of hare Lepus Bachmani which was renamed Sylviagus bachmani bachmani Waterhouse.The title of this article appears only in the “List of Contributors...” at the beginning of the volume.Reprinted three times and listed as 1838A2, 1838A3, and 1838A4.[18]

1838A2."Monograph of the Genus Sciurus, with Descriptions of New Species and Their Varieties, as Existing in North America."Magazine of Natural History, and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology, and Meteorology, second series, 3 (1839):113-123, 154-162, 220-227, 330-337, 378-390.Reprinted from 1838A1.[18a]

1838A3."Abstract of a Monograph of the Genus Sciurus, with Descriptions of Several New Species and Varieties."[Silliman’s] American Journal of Science and Arts 37, no. 2 [Oct. 1839]:290-310.Reprinted from 1838A1.[23]

1838A4[Abstract of a monograph of the genus Sciurus, with descriptions of several new species and varieties.]Isis, oder Encyclopädische Zeitung; von Oken (1845), col. 376-379 (1963:525).Reprinted from 1838A1.Cited by Bost 1963:525.[80]

1838B."Observations on the Changes of Colour in Birds and Quadrupeds."Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, n. s., 6 (1838), article 4:197-239.[19]

1838C."Foreign Correspondence.Extracts of a Letter from a Lutheran Minister of the United States, Now in Europe, to the Editor. London, 26th October, 1838 (to the Rev. B. Kurtz) [and] Extract of a Letter from a Lutheran Minister of the United States, Now in Europe, to the Rev. J. G. Morris, of this City [Baltimore]."London, 26th October, 1838. Lutheran Observer, n. s., 6, no. 15 (30 Nov. 1838).Two letters by Bachman published together as one article in a newspaper.[20]

1839A."Description of Several New Species of American Quadrupeds."Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, part 1 (1839):57-74.Bachman described six new species of quadrupeds that had been discovered by J. K. Townsend on the Colorado River, in the Rocky Mountains, and on the west coast of North America in 1835-1836.The six new species described in the present article represented four genera:shrew mole (Scalops)—1; mouse (Arvicola)—2; marmot (Spermophilis)—1; and ground squirrel (Tamias)—2.He named four of the species for Townsend.He also described more specifically 3 species of squirrel that he had previously described.Two of these species of squirrel had been new and were discovered by Townsend, but one turned out to have been described still earlier by another naturalist (1838A:99-103).The new species described were:

Townsend’s Shrew Mole, Scalops Townsendii Bachman; type description;

renamed Scapanus townsendii Bachman;

Townsend’s Meadow Mouse, Arvicola Townsendii Bachman; type description;

renamed Microtus townsendii townsendii 

Bachman;

Oregon Meadow Mouse, Arvicola Oregoni Bachman; type description; renamed Creeping Vole, Microtus oregoni oregoni 

Bachman;

Townsend’s Marmot or American Souslik, Spermophilus Townsendii Bachman; type description; renamed Townsend’s

Ground Squirrel, Citellus townsendii townsendii Bachman;

Least Ground Squirrel, Tamias minimus; and

Townsend’s Ground Squirrel, Tamias Townsendii Bachman; type description;

renamed Townsend’s Chipmunk, Eutamias 

townsendii townsendii Bachman.

The previously described species discussed in more detail were Douglass’s

Squirrel, Sciurus Douglassii; Columbia Pine Squirrel, Sciurus Richardsonii; and Downy Squirrel, Sciurus lanuginosus.[21]

1839B."Additional Remarks on the Genus Lepus, with Corrections of a Former Paper, and Descriptions of Other Species of Quadrupeds Found in North America."Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, part 1 (1839):75-105.This article contains 18 descriptions including four for new species.It includes much additional information on previously described species, primarily on hares.Bachman’s first attempt to sort out the species of North American hares contained eight descriptions, four of which were for new species (1837B).Two years later in this article, he published descriptions of 15 species of hares, adding four species that had been described by others and three new species.He added notes about the eight species he had previously described.He also described a new flying squirrel and a new species of gopher, the genus Geomys, in addition to a previously described species of gopher.The three new species of hare described were:

Richardson’s Hare, Lepus Richardsonii;

Townsend’s Rocky Mountain Hare, Lepus townsendii townsendii Bachman; type 

description; also called White-tailed Jack Rabbit; and

Wormwood Hare, Lepus artemesia Bachman; actually Nuttall’s Cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii nuttalii Bachman.

The type specimens of Richardson’s Hare and Wormwood Hare had been collected by Douglass and were in the Zoological Society of London, but had not been noted as new species.Townsend’s Hare was discovered by Townsend, and it was illustrated in a lithograph of a drawing by Wm. Dickes (pl. II).The four additional species of hare described by others were:

Long-Tailed Hare, Lepus longicaudatu;

Red-footed Hare, Lepus nigricaudatus Bennet; same as the Black-tailed Hare or White-sided Jack Rabbit; renamed Lepus callotis callotis Wagler;

California Hare, Lepus californicus californicus Gray; and

Bachman’s Hare, Lepus Bachmani Waterhouse (see no. 23).

Bachman had studied Townsend’s discoveries further, and in addition to a new hare, he described two more new species:

Oregon Flying Squirrel, Pteromys Oregonensis Bachman; type description; renamed Northern Flying Squirrel, Glaucomys

sabrinus oregonensis Bachman; and

a new gopher, Geomys Townsendi.

He provided further information about Geomys borealis.Both of the species of Geomys had been distinguished by Richardson, but one remained to be named and published.[22]

1839--see also 1838A3.

1840A."Notes on European Agriculture by a Charlestonian." The Southern Cabinet 1 (1840), number 1 (Jan.), pp. 1-7; number 2 (Feb.), pp. 65-68; number 3 (Mar.), pp. 129-132; number 4 (Apr.), pp. 193-196; number 5 (May), pp. 257-264; number 6 (Jun.),

pp. 321-323; number 7 (Jul.), pp. 385-389.Unsigned, but the attribution is certain from internal evidence.[24]

1840B."The Birds of America.—from drawings made in the United States.By J. J. Audubon, F. R. S.J. P. Beile, Agent." The Southern Cabinet 1, number 1 (Jan. 1840): 57.Unsigned review, but the attribution is all but certain from internal evidence.[25]

1840C."North-American Herpetology; or a Description of the Reptiles Inhabiting the United States.By John Edwards Holbrook, M. D." The Southern Cabinet 1, number 1 (Jan. 1840):58-59.Unsigned review, but the attribution is all but certain from internal evidence.[26]

1840D."On the Cultivation of the Fig Tree in Carolina."The Southern Cabinet 1, number 10 (October 1840):602-603.[27]
 

1840E."A Hurried Visit to Newberry District by 'a Charlestonian.'" The Southern Cabinet 1 (1840), number 11 (Nov.), pp. 640-647; number 12 (Dec.), pp. 716-724. Unsigned, but the attribution is certain from internal evidence.[28]

1842A1."Descriptions of New Species of Quadrupeds Inhabiting North America." Co-author:John James Audubon.Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, part 2 (1842):280-323.Audubon and Bachman described 23 new species of quadrupeds:bats (Vespertilio; a genus omitted from the Quadrupeds)—4; weasel (Mustela)—1; shrew mole (Scalops)—1; mice (Arvicola)—4; marmot (Arctomys)—1; squirrel (Sciurus)—6; and marmot-squirrel (Spermophilus)—1.

The bats were:

Mountain Bat, Vespertilio monticola;

Virginia Bat, Vertertilio Virginianus;

Leib’s Bat, Vespertilio Leibii; and

California Bat, Vespertilio Californicus.

The weaselwas the American Brown Weasel, Mustela fusca, which was actually the

Ermine, Mustela erminea cicognanii Bonaparte. 

The shrew mole was the Silvery Shrew Mole, Scalops argentatus, which was actually a

subspecies of the Eastern Mole, Scalopus aquaticus aquaticus Linnaeus.

Themice of the genus Arvicola were:

the Glossy Arvicola, Arvicola fulva;

Sharp-nosed Arvicola, Arvicola nasuta;

Wilsons Meadow Mouse, Arvicola Pennsylvanica Ord; renamed Meadow Vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus Ord; and

Mole Arvicola, Arvicola scalopsoides.

The mice of the genus Mus were:

Little Harvest Mouse, Mus humulis Audubon and Bachman; type description;

renamed Reithrodontomys humulis humulis Audubon and Bachman;

Orange Colored Mouse, Mus [Calomys] aureolus Audubon and Bachman; type

description; renamed Golden Mouse, Ochrotomys nuttalli aureolus Audubon and Bachman;

Michigan Mouse, Mus Michiganensi;

Carolina Mouse, Mus Carolinensis; and

Le Conte’s Mouse, Mus Le Contii.

The marmot was the Yellow-bellied Marmot, Arctomys flaviventer Bachman; renamed

Marmota flaviventris flaviventris Audubon and Bachman.

The squirrels were:

Wolly Squirrel, Sciurus lanigerus; called the Long-haired Squirrel or Sciurus 

ongipilis in the Quadrupeds and not found since its publication;

Weasel Squirrel, Sciurus mustelinus; actually the same as Sciurus niger 

subauratus Bachman;

Rust-bellied Squirrel, Sciurus ferruginiventris; actually the Red-Bellied Squirrel,

Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster F. Cuvier;

Hare-like Squirrel, Sciurus leporinus; actually the Western Gray Squirrel, Sciurus 

griseus griseus Ord;

Soft-haired Squirrel, Sciurus mollipilosus Audubon and Bachman; type

description; renamed Douglas’ Squirrel, Tamiasciurus douglasii

mollipilosus Audubon and Bachman; and

Western Squirrel, Sciurus occidentalis.

The marmot squirrel was the Annulated Marmot-Squirrel, Spermophilus annulatus 

Audubon and Bachman; type description; renamed Ring-tailed Ground Squirrel, Citellus annulatus annulatus Audubon and Bachman.

Partly reprinted as 1842A2.[29]

1842A2."Descriptions of new species of quadrupeds inhabiting North America (co-author:John James Audubon)."Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Series 1, number 8 (1843):92-103.Reprinted from 1842A2, but with substantial omissions.

1842B."An address, delivered before the Washington Total Abstinence Society of Charleston, S. C., on Wednesday evening, July 27th, 1842."33 pp.Charleston:Burges & James. Cited in the National Union Catalog Pre-1956 Imprints as only in the Library of Congress; missing from its assigned location in 2004.[78]

1842C?."Sermon against Dueling, about 1842."Cited in Bachman 1888:435, but otherwise unknown.[79]

1842--Audubon and Bachman began the serialized publication of the Quadrupeds; see 1845-1848 (with plates individually dated from 1842-1848).

1842-1843A."Observations on the genus Scalops, (Shrew Moles,) with descriptions of the species found in North America."Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History 4, number 1 (1842-1843):26-35. Bachman described four species of the genus Scalops, two of which were newly described and one, Scalops Townsendi, he had previously described (see 1839A).These descriptions did not include Scalops argentatus, which Audubon and Bachman described later, but was published earlier (see 1842A1).In this article, Bachman added:

Brewer’s Shrew-mole, Scalops Breweri Bachman; type description; renamed

Parascalops breweri Bachman, and the

Broad Palmed Shrew-mole, Scalops Latimanus.[30]

1842-1843B.[Observations on the Genus Scalops, (Shrew Moles,) with descriptions of the species found in North America].Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. I (1841-1844), 40-41 (cited by Bost 1963:526).[77]

1843A1.An Inquiry into the Nature and Benefits of an Agricultural Survey of the State of South-Carolina.Charleston:Miller & Browne.42 pp.Reprinted twice as 1843A2 and 1843A3.[31]

1843A2.“An Inquiry into the Nature and Benefits of an Agricultural Survey of the State of South-Carolina.”Southern Agriculturist, n. s., 3 (Feb. 1843):49-65 and (Mar. 1843):81-96. Reprinted from 1843A1.[31a]

1843A3."An Inquiry into the Nature and Benefits of an Agricultural Survey of the State of South-Carolina”Southern Quarterly Review 3, no. 6 (Apr 1843):449-467.Reprinted from 1843A1.[31b]

1843B."Agricultural Labor, as One of the First Conditions of a National Existence."Magnolia, or Southern Appalachian, n. s. 2 (1843):16-20.“From an Agricultural Oration, Delivered in South Carolina in 1840."[32]

1843C.[Mermaid Hoax] by “No Humbug.” Charleston Mercury, 20 Jan., 26 Jan., 1 Feb., and 7 Feb.Stephens (1983:45, 46, 48, and 54) provides definite evidence indicating that Bachman was the author.[33]

1845--see 1836A4.

1845-1848.The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America [folio plates without text].Co-author:John James Audubon.3 vols.New York:J. J. Audubon.The 150 plates in these three folio volumes were issued serially in 30 parts from 1842 and 1848 and were dated individually.The dates 1845, 1846, and 1848 appear on the three title pages issued to bind with the plates.A variant set of two title pages is dated 1845 (College of Charleston copy).Bachman and Audubon selected the species to be included, and Bachman provided most of the scientific names.The plates were lithographed by J. T. Bowen in Philadelphia and were colored by hand in oil and watercolor.The plates were printed during the following years:

1842—pls. 1-5;

1843—pls.6-26, 28-30 (undated:8, 15, 16, 19);

1844—pls. 27, 31-52, 55;

1845—pls. 53, 54, 56-82;

1846—pls. 83-103, 105;

1847—pls. 104, 106-128, 130 (undated:117);

1848—pls. 129, 131-150.

The text was printed in separate octavo volumes that are listed below as 1846-1854.[36]

1846-1854.The ViviparousQuadrupeds of North America [text without plates].Co-author:John James Audubon.Three volumes of text.New York:vol. 1:J. J. Audubon, 1846 (vol. 1, which alone was also published in London by Wiley & Putnam in 1847); vols. 2 and 3:New York:V. G. Audubon, 1851 and 1854 respectively.New species described by Audubon and Bachman were:

Missouri Mouse, Mus Missouriensis Audubon and Bachman; type description;

renamed Northern Grasshopper Mouse, Onychomys leucogaster 

missouriensis Audubon and Bachman; and

Black-footed Ferret, Putorius nigripes Audubon and Bachman; type description;

renamed Mustela nigripes Audubon and Bachman;

This is the unillustrated text issued as octavo volumes to accompany the separatelypublished folio plates listed above as 1845-1848.The text and reduced plates were reproduced together from 1849-1854.[37]

1847.Correspondence Between the Rev. Messrs. Dana and Smyth, Through the Mediation of the Hon. R. B. Gilchrist, and the Rev. Dr. Bachman.Charleston:T. W. Haynes.10 pp.[38]

1848A1."Notes on the Generation of the Virginia Opossum (Didelphis Virginiana)."Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4 (Apr. 1848):40-47. The article summarizes systematic observations made over a period of years to determine as accurately as possible for North America’s only marsupial all aspects of fetal development, and it settled numerous points that had long been debated.It incorporates “Further Observations on the Generation of Opossums” (pp. 42-46) and a letter from Michel Middleton, M. D., to Bachman (pp. 46 and 47).The manuscript is in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (Stephens 2000:277, n. 23).Reprinted as 1848A2.[39]

1848A2.[Notes on the generation of the Virginia Opossum (Didelphis Virginiana).]Archiv für naturgeschichte, 17 (1851), pp. 161-174. Reprint of 1848A.Cited by Bost 1963:525.[81]

1848B.The Design and Duties of the Christian Ministry, Preached at a Meeting of the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States, May 14th, 1848, at New York.Baltimore:Printed at the Publication Rooms.23 pp.[40]

1849A."Mammalia. or Animals Which Suckle Their Young."In George White, Statistics of the State of Georgia:including an account of its natural, civil, and ecclesiastical history; together with a particular description of each county, notices of the manners and customs of its aboriginal tribes, and a correct map of the State, Appendix, pp. 3-5.Savannah:W. Thorne Williams.Bachman listed 60 species of mammals, 14 of which he first described.[41]

1849B1.Minnesota Rice.Charleston Mercury, 17 January 1849.Letter to the Editor; reprinted as 1849B2.[42]

1849B2."Minnesota Rice."In R. F. W. Allston, Essay on Sea Coast Crops; Read Before the Agricultural Association of the Planting States, on Occasion of the Annual Meeting, held at Columbia, the Capitol of South-Carolina, December 3d, 1853,pp. 45 and 46.Charleston:A. E. Miller.Reprint of 1849B1.[42a]

1849--see also 1837E.
 

1849-1854.Quadrupeds of North America [text with reduced plates]Co-author:John James Audubon.3 vols.New York:V. G. Audubon.This is the first illustrated octavo edition, and its three volumes were issued serially and then bound with title pages dated 1849, 1851, and 1854.An unbound set (as issued) in the College of Charleston has title pages that were issued at the end of the publication of each one-third of the set.The plates were reduced from folio (no. 48 above) to octavo and increased in number from 150 to 155.Except for the text that was added for the five new plates, the same texts were used for both the illustrated and unillustrated volumes published in 1851 and 1854, and Bachman’s text for the 1846 unillustrated volume was not revised for the 1849 volume.[43]

1850A.The Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race Examined on the Principles of Science.Charleston:C. Canning.313 pp.Bachman’s most important insight was that the varieties of men were produced by causes similar to those that produced varieties of domesticated animals, and in this, hismost important book, he established the point conclusively.He went against the prevailing views that had been published by Agassiz and many other American scientists.This book developed out of a lecture he was asked to give to the Literary Club of Charleston in September 1849, and it had been largely completed by November 1849 except for an appendix added while it was being printed.Bost (1963:434, n. 135) cites a reference to a second edition of 1856, but no other edition seems to have been published until 1876 (posthumous).[45]

1850B."An Investigation of the cases of Hybridity in Animals on Record, Considered in Reference to the Unity of the Human Species."Charleston Medical Journal and Neview 5, no. 2 (March 1850): 168-197.Bachman submitted extracts from his Unity, which was being printed. [44]

1850C."For the Courier by J. B."Charleston Daily Courier 48 (28 May 1850).This letter to the editor about human hybridity was signed J. B. and definitely by Bachman, who responds to the Courier’s having reprinted Samuel George Morton’s criticisms in the “May Number” of the “Medical Journal of this city.”Morton’s letter was originally published in the Charleston Medical Journal and Review, vol. 5, no. 3 [May 1850]:328-344, and its reprint the Courier on 25 May 1850 provoked Bachman’s response.[46]

1850D."A Reply to the letter of Samuel George Morton, M. D., on the Question of Hybridity in Animals Considered in Reference to the Unity of the Human Species."Charleston Medical Journal and Review 5, no. 4 (May 1850):466-508. [47]

1850E."Second Letter to Samuel G. Morton on the Question of Hybridity in Animals, Considered in Reference to the Unity of Human Species." Charleston Medical Journal and Review 5, no. 5 (Sept.1850):621-660. [48]

1851A."Additional Observations on Hybridity in Animals, and on Some Collateral Subjects."Charleston Medical Journal and Review 6, no. 3 (May 1851):383-396.[49]

1851B."Letter from Rev. John Bachman, D. D."Charleston Medical Journal and Rreview 6 (1851):598.Morton’s death temporarily ended the controversy over the unity of the human species.[50]

1851--see also 1846-1854 (vol. 2 of the Quadrupeds) and 1848A.

c. 1851-1854.[Stories on natural history.]Sunday School Visitor.Cited in Bachman 1888:325; no copy located.This was a series of children’s stories about animals, and the magazine published in Charleston from 1851-1854 by J. Early for the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.Dr. Summers wrote, “I furnished the Doctor cuts of animals, and he wrote charming articles for the children, which were highly prized by the readers of that periodical.I preserved the bound volumes for the four years I edited it...” (Bachman 1888:325).[82]

1852."Description of a New North American Fox, Genus Vulpes, Cuv."Co-author:John James Audubon.Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6 (1852-1853):114-116.The Large Red Fox was named Vulpes Utah.[51]

1853A.A Defense of Luther and the Reformation.Against the Charges of John Bellinger, M.D., and Others: to Which are Appended Various Communications of Other Protestant and Roman Catholic Writers Who Engaged in the Controversy.Charleston:William Y. Paxton.520 pp. This was the first comprehensive history of Luther and his followers that had been published in the United States, and it was based chiefly on German primary sources.Bachman effectively refuted attacks by Catholic writers on Luther and by local Catholics on himself.[52]

1853B."Original.For the Lutheran Observer."Lutheran Observer 21, no. 17 (22 Apr. 1853).A letter addressed to “Br. Kurtz.”[53]

1854A"Essay on the Connection of the Natural Sciences with Agriculture."Read before the Agricultural Association of the Planting States, at Columbia, December, 1853.New York Daily Times, 1 June. 1854.

1854B."Types of mankind."Charleston Medical Journal and Review 9, no. 5 (Sept. 1854):627-659.This is the first of a series of reviews of a book by J. C. Nott and George R. Gliddon entitled Types of Mankind, or Ethnological Researches, Based upon the Ancient Monuments, Paintings, Sculptures, and Crania of Races, and upon Their Natural, Geographical, Philological, and Biblical History: Iillustrated by Selections from the Inedited Papers of Samuel George Morton.It included essays by Louis Agassiz and other defending the theory of polygenesis or the multiple creation of mankind and other species.The publication of this book in 1854 revived the controversy that had ended with Morton’s death in 1851.It was a purposeful attack on the validity of the Bible, and Bachman responded accordingly.He reviewed Agassiz’s contribution separately as 1854B.[54]

1854C."An examination of a few of the statements of Prof. Agassiz, in his ‘Sketch of the natural provinces of the animal world, and their relation to the different types of men."Charleston Medical Journal and Review vol. 9, no. 6 (Nov. 1854):790-806.The article by Agassiz had appeared in Nott and Gliddon’s Types of Mankind (1854A).Agassiz tentatively supported the theory of polygenesis as the best available explanation for the types of races, and Bachman showed that his research and conclusions were faulty.Bachman’s review was reprinted as 1855A.[55]

1854--see also 1846-1854 (vol. 3 of the Quadrupeds) and 1849B2.

1855A.Continuation of the Review of “Nott and Gliddon’s Types of Mankind.”Charleston:James, Williams and Gitsinger.19 pp.This pamphlet was reprinted from type that had been set for the article that reviewed Agassiz’s contribution to Nott and Gliddon’s book.It was initially published as 1854B.[55a]

1855B1."An Examination of the Characteristics of Genera and Species as Applicable to the Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race."Charleston Medical journal and review 10, no. 2 (March 1855):201-22.This article reviewed additional points made in Nott and Gliddon’s Types of Mankind and particularly the poor quality of their methodology.It article was reprinted in pamphlet form as 1855B2.[56]

1855B2.An Examination of the Characteristics of Genera and Species as Applicable to the Doctrine of theUunity of the Human Race.Charleston:James, Williams & Gitsinger.24 pp.This pamphlet was reprinted using the same type set for the article listed as 1855B1.[56a]

1855C1."An Examination of Prof. Agassiz’s Sketch of the Natural Provinces of the Animal World, and Their Relation to the Different Types of Man, with a Tableau Accompanying the Sketch."Charleston Medical Journal and Review 10, no. 4 (Jul. 1855): 482-534. Meisel (1929: 14) notes that this article was in response to “Agassiz’s paper [published] in New Phil. Jour. Edinb. v. 57, p. 347-63.1854.”This article contains the same text as the pamphlet printed in 1855 listed as 1855C2.[57]

1855C2.An Examination of Professor Agassiz’s Sketch of the Natural Provinces of the Animal World and Their Relation to the Different Types of Man, with a Tableau Accompanying the Sketch.54 pp.Charleston:James, Williams & Gitsinger.This pamphlet was reprinted using the same type set for the article listed as 1855C1.[57a]

1855-1856."A Chapter on Fish--Fish Ponds and Artificial Fish Breeding."Read before the State Agricultural Society of South Carolina, at Columbia, 1855.Southern Cultivator 13 (Dec. 1855): 362-366 and 14 (Jan. 1856): 10-16.This is apparently the article cited as "The Introduction and Propagation of Fresh Water Fish" (Morris 1876:11), and it was also apparently cited “On the Introduction and Propagation of Fresh-water Fish.Published about 1848” (Bachman 1888:436).[58]

1857A.An Address on Education, Delivered on the Day of the Laying of the Corner-stone of Newberry College, July 15, 1857.Charleston:James & Williams.22 pp.[59]

1857B."Strictures on Resolutions of the Middle Conference."Missionary 2 (n. s.), number 46 (10 Dec. 1857).Letter to the editor dated 24 Nov. 1857.[60]

1858A1.Report on Asiatic Goats.Accepted and published by the Society, at their annual meeting, October, 1857.Pp. 1-16.Cited from an offprint; publisher and place uncertain.The Society was the Southern Central Agricultural Association of Georgia.Reprinted as 1858A2).[61]

1858A2.[Report on Asiatic Goats.]“U. S. Patent office.Report.Agriculture.1857, pp. 56-66.”Washington, 1858. Cited in National Union catalogue Pre-1956 imprints.Reprinted from 1858A1.[61a]

1858B.A Discourse, Delivered on the Forty-third Anniversary of His Ministry in Charleston.Published by the request of the Vestry.Charleston:A. J. Burke.18 pp.[62]

1858C?.[Biographical sketch.]“In 1858, he wrote a sketch of his life for a scientific journal in Europe.”Part of this sketch is quoted in Bachman 1888:9, and it was written in English.The journal was not identified. [83]

1858--see 1836B3

c. 1860-1862.[Co-editor of the Southern Lutheran.]According to Morris, Bachman was “Editor.1861” (1876:22).According to Stephens (1999:832), he was co-editor from 1860-1862.Not seen.[84]

1861A."A Sermon by the Rev. John Bachman, D. D., on the Day of Fasting, Humiliation and Prayer, in the War with the Northern United States, June 13, 1861."Charleston Daily Courier, 15 Jun. 1861, p. 4.[64]

1861B."A Reply to the Attack of the Rev. Benjamin Kurtz, D. D. Editor of the Lutheran Observer [“concluded”]” by 'J. B.'" Lutheran observer 16 Nov. 1861.[65]

1862A."The duty of the planter to his family, to society and his country by Curtius.Charleston daily courier 60 (25 and 27 Mar. 1862).Bachman acknowledged having written as Curtius in the article listed below as 1862B.[66]

1862B."A Few Words of Advice to Planters, Farmers, and Manufacturers, with the Opinions of Patriotic and Good Men, and the Denunciations of Scripture on Monopolizers, Forestallers, and other Extortioners."Charleston Daily Courier 60 (23, 24, 25 and 30 Apr. 1862).[67]

1865--see 1855D.

1868.Vindication of Rev. Dr. John Bachman, of Charleston, S. C., in Answer to Rev. E. W. Hutter:in Regard to an Article Published in the “Lutheran and Missionary,” of the 27th of July, 1865.Published by a Personal Friend.16 pp. Dated 14 Sept. 1865 on p. 16.[68]

c.1868."The Japan clover—Lespedera striata."Charleston Courier.Undated clipping with Jan. 1868 added to the reverse; Bachman Papers, Charleston Museum.[69]

1869A."The Humboldt Festival."Charleston Daily Courier, September 15, 1869.Bachman wrote his recollections of Humboldt for presentation at this commemoration of the centennial of Humboldt’s birth.[70]

1869B."Charge to the Associate Pastor, by Rev. John Bachman, D. D., at the Installation of Rev. W. W. Hicks, on Sunday, December 5, 1869, at St. John’s Evangelical Lutheran Church, Archdale-Street."Charleston Daily Courier 67 (9 Dec. 1869).[71]

1869C."Circular."Undated 8 page pamphlet; Bachman refers to having been with St. John’s for 54 years.[72]

1870."Fifty-fifth Anniversary Sermon by Rev. Dr. Bachman, St. John’s Lutheran Church."Charleston Courier, 10 Jan. 1870.[73]

Date Unknown:

--“Address of Rev. Dr. Bachman Before the Ladies’ Association to Commemorate the Confederate Dead.”Cited by Bost 1963:519.Undated newspaper clipping in the Bachman Room, St. John’s Lutheran Church; not found.[85]

--[Letter by Bachman to Audubon].Caledonian Mercury number 191.Cited in Shuler Papers 4/1.This tri-weekly newspaper was published in Edinburgh from 1720-1867.Presumably the letter dates from the period 1838, when both Bachman and Audubon were in Scotland.[76]

--“Rules of the Lutheran Society for Promoting Religion in South Carolina and Georgia.”

Cited by Morris 1876:11.[86]

--"Superstitions Concerning Insects."Undated clipping in the Charleston Museum; Natural History Manuscript Collection, box 2.A short note primarily about the Death’s Head Moth.[74]

Acknowledgements:Almost wholly successful attempts were made by Mike Phillips and Astra Gleason to secure copies through Interlibrary Loan of titles not represented in the College of Charleston Library.The most comprehensive bibliography previously published was by Bost, 1963, and its 54 entries served as the main basis for this bibliography.This bibliography contains nearly twice as many entries, but most of the additions are reprints of titles Bost listed.Scientific names have been updated using the additions and corrections in the 1967 version of Audubon and Bachman’s Quadrupeds edited by Cahalane.The numbers in brackets refer to the list of publications in G. Waddell, "A Bibliography for John Bachman," Archives of Natural History 32 (2005):47-63.

Sources:

Audubon, John James, and John Bachman

1967The Imperial Collection of Audubon Animals:the Quadrupeds of North

America.Edited and augmented by Victor H. Cahalane.Mapplewood,

New Jersey:Hammond Incorporated.

Bachman, C. L.

1888John Bachman, D. D., LL. D., Ph. D.; the Pastor of St. John’s Lutheran 

Church, Charleston.Charleston: Walker, Evans & Cogswell Co.

Bost, Raymond Morris

1963The Reverend John Bachman and the Development of Southern

Lutheranism.Dissertation, Yale University, New Haven.549 pp.

Cahalane, Victor H. (ed.)

1967Imperial Collections of Audubon Animals:the Quadrupeds of North 

America.Ed. with new text by Victor H. Cahalane; foreword by Fairfield Osborn; illustrated by John James Audubon and John Woodhouse Audubon.Maplewood, NJ:Hammond Inc.

Davidson, James Wood

1869John Bachman, Ph.D., D.D., L.L.D.Living Writers of the South, pp. 23-25.

New York: Carleton, Publisher.

[Haskell, John B.]

1874"John Bachman.The Death of the Distinguished Naturalist and Divine.

The Story of his Life and Labors.”Charleston Courier, 25 February 1874.

Meisel, Max

1924, 1926, and 1929A Bibliography of American Natural History:the Pioneer 

Century, 1769-1865.Three volumes.New York:Premier Publishing Co.

Morris, John G.

1876Bibliotheca Lutherana; a Complete List of the Publications of All the 

Lutheran Ministers in the United States.Philadelphia:Lutheran Board of Publication.

Peattie, Donald C.

1928Bachman, John.Dictionary of American Biography ed. by Allen Johnson,

vol. 1, pp. 466-467.New York:Charles Scribner’s Sons.

Ruffin, Edmund

1957"Writers of Anonymous Articles in the Farmer’s Register."Journal of 

Southern History 23 (Feb. 1957):91-102.

Sanders, Albert E., and William D. Anderson, Jr.

1999Natural History Investigations in South Carolina:from Colonial Times to 

the Present.Columbia:University of South Carolina.

Shuler, Jay

1995Had I the Wings:the Friendship of Bachman and Audubon.Athens:

University of Georgia Press.

Stephens, Lester D.

1999Bachman, John.American National Biography edited by John A. Garraty

and Mark C. Carnes, vol. 1, pp. 831-833.New York: Oxford University Press.

2000Science, Race, and Religion in the American South:John Bachman and the 

Charleston Circle of Naturalists, 1815-1895.Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press.

Gene Waddell (27II6)